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• W2460854101 abstract "Several observations lead us to suggest that the geothermal gradient in regions near the Pleistocene ice margin may contain a transient signal that causes significant underestimation of present day heat flow. Heat flow increases with depth in northern hemisphere periglacial regions in Eurasia and North America. Temperature gradients increase with depth in thick clastic rocks in the Williston Basin where compaction causes an increase in thermal conductivity. Thermally mature oil source rocks occur in the Williston Basin where subsidence history suggests that rocks should be immature unless paleo-heat flow was higher. Pollen analyses in upland lakes in southern Manitoba indicate that MJJA surface temperatures are 13 °C higher than they were 12,500 ka. Conductive heat flow models using the pollen temperature history as a forcing signal for surface temperature produce temperature vs. depth profiles with increasing gradients that are similar to profiles observed in the Williston Basin. The post-glacial warming signal appears to have been of the order of 10 to 15, thus northern hemisphere heat flow may have been underestimated by 30 to 60 percent depending on the depth of the original temperature gradient measurement. The implications for EGS in the northern hemisphere are that the resource may be at shallower depths than projected in recent studies. The Post-Glacial Warming Signal A number of heat flow researchers have suggested that a correction to geothermal gradient measurements may be required to account for a transient perturbation from post-glacial warming (Allis, 1978; Benfield, 1939; Coster, 1947; Birch 1948; Crain, 1968; Jessop, 1971; and Beck, 1977). The compelling point advanced by these workers was that most T-z measurements are made in the upper few hundred meters of the crust where the effect of warming following the last glaciation would cause temperature gradients to be systematically low (Figure 1). Birch (1948) and Jessop (1971) proposed specific post-glacial warming corrections amounting to about 10 percent of the average heat flow. Interestingly, most workers have disregarded the post-glacial warming signal, Jessop (1971) found that only 14.7 percent of all heat flow data had been corrected for post-glacial warming. Since 1971 few data that have been added to the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC) database have included corrections for post-glacial warming. A key factor in deciding whether to apply a correction for the post-glacial signal is the expected amplitude of the disturbance. Birch (1948) estimated that of the effect of all climate changes on the geothermal gradient is of the order of 3 K km-1 and that the effect would amount to approximately 10 percent of total heat flow. Typical error estimates for measurements of thermal conductivities and temperature gradient are of the order of ±10 percent. Thus, it is understandable that the majority of heat flow workers have Implications of Post-Glacial Warming for Northern Hemisphere Heat Flow Will Gosnold1, Jacek Majorowicz1, 2, Rob Klenner1, Steve Hauck3 1Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, University of North Dakota 2Department of Physics, University of Alberta 3NRRI, Duluth, Minnesota 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40" @default.
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• W2460854101 date "2011-10-24" @default.
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• W2460854101 title "Implications of Post-glacial Warming for Northern Hemisphere Heat Flow" @default.
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