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• W2461033766 abstract "Columbia ground squirrels were studied in natural alpine forest openings. Three sites were selected having the same potential but presently with different vegetation due to differing levels of past domestic sheep use. Ground squirrel population was least in the light-use area and increased with vegetation change induced by increased sheep use. Juveniles were most plentiful in the mediumuse site and least in the heavy-use area. Up to a point, ground squirrel population increased with plant retrogression. With continued retrogression the community became less suitable to support a healthy population because of less preferred forage species. Lupinus sericeus was the most preferred forb. Other species included Achillea millefolium and Descurania richardsonii, species not generally preferred by sheep. The discussion of sheepground squirrel relative impacts also considers metabolic requirement, grazing period and animal density of both grazers. Natural forest openings in the subalpine zone provide the bulk of the forage on domestic sheep summer range in central Idaho. In these openings Columbia ground squirrels (Citellus columbianus) are readily observed as they forage and sit up near burrow entrances, quietly observing their surroundings and darting into the safety of the burrow when alarmed by unfamiliar sound or movement. The foraging activity is confined to daylight hours during the growing season. Depending on locality, these animals hibernate for 7 or 8 months (Shaw 1926). The adult ground squirrel weighs about a pound (450 g), with males outweighing females. Observations suggest that the Columbia ground squirrel competes for the same forage utilized by domestic sheep on the summer range. Other studies have indicated that ground squirrel populations increase with livestock grazing primarily because changes in composition and structure of the vegetation provide greater visibility for the small animal (Smith 1940, Howard and Childs 1959). Because of the importance of the subalpine forest openings for domestic sheep grazing and the association of these openings to the Columbia ground squirrel, it is important that the interrelationships are better understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the diet of the Columbia ground squirrel, its effect(s) on plant communities and population response in relation to domestic sheep grazing." @default.
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• W2461033766 date "1982-07-01" @default.
• W2461033766 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2461033766 title "Columbia Ground Squirrel in Subalpine Forest Openings in Central Idaho" @default.
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• W2461033766 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3898613" @default.
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