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• W2461362334 endingPage "e1002499" @default.
• W2461362334 startingPage "e1002499" @default.
• W2461362334 abstract "The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes has repeatedly resulted in the evolution of sex chromosome-specific forms of regulation, including sex chromosome dosage compensation in the soma and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in the germline. In the male germline of Drosophila melanogaster, a novel but poorly understood form of sex chromosome-specific transcriptional regulation occurs that is distinct from canonical sex chromosome dosage compensation or meiotic inactivation. Previous work shows that expression of reporter genes driven by testis-specific promoters is considerably lower—approximately 3-fold or more—for transgenes inserted into X chromosome versus autosome locations. Here we characterize this transcriptional suppression of X-linked genes in the male germline and its evolutionary consequences. Using transgenes and transpositions, we show that most endogenous X-linked genes, not just testis-specific ones, are transcriptionally suppressed several-fold specifically in the Drosophila male germline. In wild-type testes, this sex chromosome-wide transcriptional suppression is generally undetectable, being effectively compensated by the gene-by-gene evolutionary recruitment of strong promoters on the X chromosome. We identify and experimentally validate a promoter element sequence motif that is enriched upstream of the transcription start sites of hundreds of testis-expressed genes; evolutionarily conserved across species; associated with strong gene expression levels in testes; and overrepresented on the X chromosome. These findings show that the expression of X-linked genes in the Drosophila testes reflects a balance between chromosome-wide epigenetic transcriptional suppression and long-term compensatory adaptation by sex-linked genes. Our results have broad implications for the evolution of gene expression in the Drosophila male germline and for genome evolution." @default.
• W2461362334 created "2016-07-22" @default.
• W2461362334 creator A5009042053 @default.
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• W2461362334 creator A5035799601 @default.
• W2461362334 creator A5060215573 @default.
• W2461362334 creator A5076202186 @default.
• W2461362334 date "2016-07-12" @default.
• W2461362334 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2461362334 title "Sex Chromosome-wide Transcriptional Suppression and Compensatory Cis-Regulatory Evolution Mediate Gene Expression in the Drosophila Male Germline" @default.
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• W2461362334 doi "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002499" @default.
• W2461362334 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4942098" @default.
• W2461362334 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27404402" @default.
• W2461362334 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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