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• W2461502462 abstract "Hemoglobin concentrations and red blood cell counts were repeatedly determined once every four seasons of the year in 324 apparently healthy adults (181 men and 143 women) in 15 groups at 7 locations (from the northern-most at Sapporo to the southern-most at Bangkok) in 4 Asian countries of different climatic conditions. Work intensity of the subjects was essentially constant throughout the year. Both hematological variables were significantly lower in summer than in winter in the areas where seasonal variation in the outdoor temperature was pronounced, i.e., higher than 20°C in summer and lower than 5°C in winter. There was essentially no seasonal change in hemoglobin concentration or red blood cell counts where the temperature stays between 25 and 30°C throughout the year. The seasonal variation in hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts appeared to be due to temperature and not to relative humidity. When the work rooms were air-conditioned, no seasonal change in the blood variables of the subjects was observed. Anemia is one of the major occupational and public health problems in many countries (World Health Organization 1968, 1972, 1975). This is especially true 1This work was supported in part by research grants from Toyota Foundation for 1980-1982 (No. 80-1-25 and 81-1-121). 2Department of Environmental Health, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980, Japan. 3Present address: Center of Occupational Medicine, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai 980, Japan institute for Environmental Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 1 10, Korea. 5National Organic Chemicals Industries, Ltd., Thana, Maharashtra, India. 6Present address: Bader Al Mulla & Brothers Co. W.L.L., Safat, Kuwait 7Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 7, Thailand. 8Department of Public Health, Fuji Women's College, Sapporo 001, Japan. 9Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060, Japan. 10Health Administration Department, Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd., Waki-cho, Yamaguchi Prefecture 740, Japan. 11 Shiga Association of Occupational Medicine, Ohstu 520, Japan. Human Biology, April 1986, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 189-196 © Wayne State University Press, 1986 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.102 on Sun, 31 Jul 2016 05:06:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 190 / MASAYUKI IKEDA ET AL. in the field of agricultural medicine, e.g., underlying nutritional anemia may be aggravated by hard work (Lindemann et al. 1978), an exhausting, hot climate or both. The present study was initiated to obtain baseline data of hemoglobin concentrations and red blood cell counts in the four seasons of the year. Efforts were made to distinguish seasonal variation, if any, in these variables from changes due to work intensity. Materials and Methods The volunteers who participated in the study consisted of 324 apparently healthy adults (181 men and 143 women) in 15 groups at 7 locations in 4 Asian countries as summarized in Table 1. They were selected so that there was no remarkable variation in work intensity throughout the period of the study; 4 groups were university students excluding any athletes, and the remaining 11 groups were either clerks in offices or workers in factories where the production rates were essentially constant. Hematological studies were conducted in 6 laboratories as shown in Table 1. The examinations were repeated 4 times a year (i.e., once in each season) at the time periods shown in Table 2. Late in the morning, the blood samples were taken either from the cubital vein (Groups 1 to 7 and 12 to 15) or by finger stick (Groups 8 to 11) while the subjects were in a sitting position (Hagan et al. 1978). High correlations had been established between venous and fingertip blood findings (Fahey et al. 1977), although values by the latter method may overestimate the true values. The hemoglobin concentrations were determined by the cyanomethemoglobin method and red blood cells were counted utilizing Coulter Counters Model D. It should be noted that no opportunity was available to make cross-checks between laboratories in the hematology study and, therefore, quality control was made only on an intralaboratory basis. Thus the results in Table 2 cannot be compared between laboratories. It should also be added that, because of technical limitations, hemoglobin determinations were generally considered more precise than the red blood cell counts. Monthly average outdoor dry bulb temperature and relative humidity were cited from a publication of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory (1977). The data for Seoul were from annual reports of the Central Meterological Office, Seoul (1981, 1982, 1983 and 1984) and the average values for 1981-1984 were shown. Statistical evaluations were carried out using the variance ratio test for analysis of variance and the Studentized range test to identify significant differences between means. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.102 on Sun, 31 Jul 2016 05:06:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms" @default.
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• W2461502462 date "1986-04-01" @default.
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• W2461502462 title "Seasonal variation in hemoglobin concentration in non-agricultural populations under various climatic conditions." @default.
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