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- W2461609966 abstract "The cost and difficulty of manipulative field studies makes low statistical power a pervasive issue throughout most ecological subdisciplines. Ecologists are already aware that small sample sizes increase the probability of committing Type II errors. In this article, we address a relatively unknown problem with low power: underpowered studies must overestimate small effect sizes in order to achieve statistical significance. First, we describe how low replication coupled with weak effect sizes leads to Type M errors, or exaggerated effect sizes. We then conduct a meta-analysis to determine the average statistical power and Type M error rate for manipulative field experiments that address important questions related to global change; global warming, biodiversity loss, and drought. Finally, we provide recommendations for avoiding Type M errors and constraining estimates of effect size from underpowered studies." @default.
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- W2461609966 date "2016-09-09" @default.
- W2461609966 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W2461609966 title "Underappreciated problems of low replication in ecological field studies" @default.
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- W2461609966 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1506" @default.
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