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• W2462803158 abstract "The relationship of carbon (C)-arsenic (As)-nitrogen (N) was established in sediment to clarify the effect of chemical N fertilizer to release of As in groundwater. The sediment samples were collected from the ground surface to 60 m deep with 0.6-m intervals, and concentration of As, %C and %N were measured in a farming village of southwestern Bangladesh. The δN and δC analysis were performed to identify the sources of N and C in peat and peaty clay sediment, respectively. The groundwater samples were collected from shallow tube wells to measure the concentrations of As, ammonium-N and δN value. It is found from the chemical analysis data that the %C was positively correlated with both concentration of As and %N in sediment. Again, the amount of As is positively correlated with concentration of ammonium-N in groundwater. The source of N in sediment and groundwater were shown to be from chemical N fertilizers, whereas the source of C in sediment shown to be from C3 or aquatic plants based on δN and δC values, respectively. The above results confirmed that the chemical N fertilizer when percolates to downward, it acts on the peat sediment and accelerate to release As from sediment to groundwater. INTRODUCTION As poisoning in groundwater is one of the most severe environmental problems and the resulting its poisoning has caused in health and social disasters in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted at Samta village, Jessore district, which is located in south western Bangladesh, is one of the most severely contaminated districts in the country. National Hydro-chemical Survey of Bangladesh, found that 35 million people were drinking groundwater containing As above 50 μg/L (Bangladeshi standard), and 57 million people consume water that exceeds 10 μg/L As (WHO standard). The main source of As in Bengal basin is thought to be geological origin, mostly identified within a shallow depth of Holocene aquifers of deltaic region of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers [1]. As is a carcinogenic element, which inhibited enzymes containing (SH) group of the body and causes cancer of skin, liver, lung, bladder and kidney [2]. Researches have been conducted on As issues, but the outcome of those researches is not satisfactory to mitigate the problems. The mechanism of As release from sediment to groundwater is still unclear. There are some hypotheses on As release in groundwater, such as 1) reduction of iron hydroxides and release of sorbed As from the sediments, 2) release of As following the oxidation of As-rich pyrite in the sediments, and 3) anion exchange of sorbed As with phosphate from fertilizers [3]. In Bangladesh, however, the mechanism of As release is considered to be the microbial reduction of iron oxyhydroxides (first point, above) [4]. It was observed positive relationship between the As and ammonium-N concentrations in groundwater, where the source of high ammonium-N concentration is due to application chemical N fertilizer [5]. In the present study, the following topics are examined to know the significant of chemical N fertilizer on release of As in groundwater: (1) established C-As-N correlation in sediment, (2) how the concentration of ammonium-N is correlated with As concentration in groundwater, (3) the source of C in sediment is identified from C3 or aquatic plant, and (4) whether the source of N in sediment and groundwater is chemical N fertilizer. The groundwater and sediment samples were collected from Samta village, Jessore district, Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area The study was carried out at Samta village, Sharsha Upazila, Jessore district, is located in southwestern Bangladesh. It is belongs to the high Ganges river floodplain in the agro-ecological region of Bangladesh [6]. The soil type in this region is calcareous dark grey/brown floodplain [7]. The groundwater is used for domestic (drinking, cooking and washing) and irrigation purposes, and a great deal of chemical N fertilizer is used for the crops and vegetables cultivation in these areas. The national average rate of chemical N fertilizer application is 72 and 92 kg/ha for rice and jute, respectively. Sampling of Sediment and Groundwater The sediment samples were collected from the ground surface to 60 m deep with 0.6-m intervals and classified as peat, peaty clay, silty clay and sand. The sediment samples were collected in airtight poly-ethylene bags and preserved in a refrigerator until analysis. Thirty groundwater samples were collected in high density poly-ethylene bottles and acidified. The groundwater samples were collected, 2 liters each site randomly selected from 4 wells and brought to Japan for δN analysis. The sampling was done in February 2009. Analysis of the Samples The sediment samples were freeze-dried for overnight and powdered with a porcelain mortar and pestle, and placed into a tin capsule to measure %C, %N, δN and δC value by Automated N/C Analyzer-mass spectrometry (20-20, UK) at Kyushu University. The sediments were air-dried and digested using HNO3/H2O2 [8]. Then As concentration of the groundwater were measured by ICP-MS. The concentration of ammonium-N was measured at site using KRK Aqua Tester, Japan. The δN value of water was performed to know the source of N at Shoko Co., Ltd., Japan. Proc. of International Conference on Environmental Aspects of Bangladesh (ICEAB10), Japan, Sept. 2010 190 Sediment Depth (m)" @default.
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• W2462803158 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2462803158 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2462803158 title "Relationship of Carbon-Arsenic-Nitrogen in Sediment with Respect to Arsenic Release in Groundwater in Bangladesh - A Preliminary Study" @default.
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