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• W2463304846 abstract "The Roman Empire was transfigured on every level through its conversion to Christianity and movement away from traditional pagan1 religion. This transformation necessarily included deciding how to treat the structures that formerly served as pagan temples and symbols of pagan dominance. While the common practice was either to destroy or to use these pagan buildings in a secular setting, a select few were chosen for conversion. Three structures in particular accurately exemplify the significance of these conversions: the Hall of the Muses at Ephesus (Fig. 1), converted in the fourth century; the Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki (Fig. 2), converted in the fourth century; and the Parthenon in Athens (Fig. 3), converted in the sixth century. While all three buildings had to be altered in similar ways, they were salvaged and converted for different but equally meaningful reasons. In this paper, I will explore these three structures through the historical context of each respective city, the attitude of religion upheld by its citizens, and the physical changes made to each structure. This will demonstrate the significance of structural conversion in the Eastern Roman Empire and establish it as an act of extreme importance to the individual people and culture of each city. These structures originally served three different functions and were converted to new use: the Hall of the Muses at Ephesus was originally a large marketplace that functioned as the financial center of the city for more than a century before it burned down; the Rotunda of Galerius was originally intended to act as a Mausoleum for the Emperor, Galerius, who served as a caesar emperor to Diocletian from 305 to 311 CE; and the Parthenon was originally a large temple for the people of Athens, which was very present in the lives of all of the individual citizens who took part in sacrifices and festivals for Athena at the Acropolis. Compared to the practices of forced abandonment, destruction, or secular use of pagan-built structures, conversion was much less common; therefore, it is important to investigate the psychological attitude of the Christians of the Eastern Roman Empire in order to discover why conversion, and the conversion of these structures in particular, was such a significant act. Nearing the conclusion of the third century CE, the Roman Empire underwent a change that would permanently mark the end of an era. The emperor Diocletian, fearing that the Roman Empire had grown too large and become too vulnerable to be run by just one man, created the Tetrarchy of the Roman government. This Tetrarchy divided the Roman Empire between the East and West, never to be united again. Along with this important political change came important religious change. Christianity, while persecuted for much of the second, third, and part of the fourth centuries, continued to gain momentum as it made its way throughout the Empire and to the East. In the Eastern Roman Empire, the full wrath of the Great Persecution against Christians in the early fourth century was in motion. Political conversion to Christianity was more turbulent in the East than in the West; therefore, structures that were converted seemingly possessed a more noteworthy religious, political, and/ or social value. The Hall of the Muses, the Rotunda of Galerius, and the Parthenon were selected by the Christian community to be converted because they were particularly significant symbols of authority and prosperity within their own specific cities and were embedded in the visual and social environments of the citizens." @default.
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• W2463304846 date "2013-12-06" @default.
• W2463304846 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2463304846 title "Christian Conversion: The Spiritual Transformation of Eastern Pagan Structures in Late Antiquity" @default.
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