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• W2465485510 abstract "This thesis examines three different topics in the area of public economics. Chapter 2 looks at distributional issues that arise from immigration into an industrialised country and possible mechanisms to compensate native losers. In Chapter 3, it is examined in how far a country's tax system affects a firm's decision to evade taxes and produce in the shadow economy. Chapter 4 analyses the impact of a special childcare policy on the parents' decision to make use of publicly subsidised nurseries. The second chapter analyses how a sustainable immigration policy can be implemented if the majority of native voters loses from immigration individually. Using a model with agents of two skill types, a government that maximises the utility of the majority of unskilled natives has to rely on a concept of delayed immigration to guarantee a compensation for the losing majority. The concept implies that the government distinguishes between immigrants and natives and redistributes at the same time between skilled and unskilled natives. Thus, even a Pareto improvement for all agents can be guaranteed. This is the more important as for specic parameter combinations all natives lose from immigration if initially a redistributive tax scheme of the Stiglitz (1982)-type is in place. The third chapter deals with the interaction between different tax instruments and a firm's choice to operate in the official or shadow economy. Using a linear output tax, a fixed tax, a detection probability and a fine rate in a homogeneous good heterogeneous firm model, it replicates the empirical finding that more productive firms work in the official whereas less productive firms work in the shadow sector. The extent of the shadow economy as well as various industry characteristics such as productivity, overall output, and the number of firms are differently affected by the four tax instruments. Whereas the fixed tax is crucial for the existence of a shadow economy, the linear tax and the fine rather determine its extent. As a consequence, the shadow economy can be reduced by increasing the linear tax and decreasing the fixed tax in a differential incidence. This comes at the cost of a loss in overall productivity, though. The fourth chapter examines a special child care policy in the German state of Thuringia. Since July 1, 2006 parents of a two-year old child in Thuringia are eligible to a subsidy of 150 Euro per month once they do not make use of publicly-subsidised childcare for their child. The chapter analyses the impact of the introduction of this cash-for-care subsidy onto the parents' childcare decision. It finds that the subsidy has reduced the enrolment share of two-year old children in publicly-subsidised daycare, i.e. the number of children in daycare relative to the cohort size, by more than 9 percentage points based on an initial level of 80% in the spring of 2006. The effect takes place on the extensive margin only whereas no impact on the intensive margin, i.e. on daycare hours, can be found. The results are obtained in a difference-in-difference-in-difference framework that compares across age groups and German states." @default.
• W2465485510 created "2016-07-22" @default.
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• W2465485510 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2465485510 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2465485510 title "Essays in Public Economics" @default.
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