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• W2465648974 abstract "Broadly speaking of aging and rejuvenation, we envision living a leisurely, stress-free existence absent of debilitating disease or frailty. We think about maintaining the right approaches to exercise, nutrition, and caloric restriction, also hoping for the preservation of a sharp mind. Perhaps we might apply many of the recommendations passed down from our ancestors on healthy living, as powerful insights have been shared from long ago, Ayurvedic medicine being an example. All of these concepts share a common goal: achieving healthy aging and longevity. Yet, aging carries forward the inevitable: our demise. And, more often than not, aging partners with disease. For even if our life expectancy is better than ever, genetic, environmental, and cumulative molecular insults to our bodies during a lifetime play a critical role in aging and disease. Indeed, aging is the major risk factor for chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurodegeneration, and dementia, among many. Can we achieve rejuvenation? Can we reverse the aging clock and go ‘back in time’, so to speak? Or can we, at least, slow down aging? This themed issue takes a plunge into the depths of the molecular details of aging and rejuvenation to discuss this long-term problem. With the advent of new concepts and methodologies in the fields of aging, stem cell biology, and regenerative medicine, this issue explores experimental approaches geared towards the possibility of treating, reverting, reprogramming, or slowing down the progression of a variety of age-related conditions including neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, vision, osteoporosis, progeroid syndromes, and immune senescence. We begin our special issue with broad insights on the concept of aging; these include short reflections encompassed in a TrendsTalk interview with Rusty Gage, Leonard Guarente, and Amy Wagers regarding challenges, exciting research areas, and current thinking on the future paths of this field. Three spotlight articles showcase exciting new research: Paula Gutierrez-Martinez, Derrick Rossi, and Isabel Beerman highlight work on the role of the circadian rhythm gene Per2 in the modulation of the DNA damage response and expression of lymphoid genes in aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); John Kauwe and Alison Goate discuss a genomic study on the frequency of longevity alleles in aged individuals, documenting that longevity alone does not fully influence the probability of achieving healthy aging; and, aging aside, with the timeliness and significance of the Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, we include a spotlight by Heather Hickman and Ted Pierson on the recent mechanistic discoveries of microcephaly and pregnancy in mice during ZIKV infection, an informative topic. Lastly, Bo Yu and Cun-Yu Wang discuss osteoporosis, emphasizing in this Forum the dysregulation of osteoimmune responses and mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment in the aged bone microenvironment. From the perspective of the central nervous system, the degree to which brain function is impaired with aging is an area of active investigation. Vivien Chevaleyre and Rebecca Piskorowski voice their opinion on the hippocampus – known to map spatial dimensions – and its role in social memory. They posit that hippocampal area CA2, altered in age-related dementia and schizophrenia, could represent a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions of diseases where social dysfunction is manifested. Concerning vision, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent aging disease where irreversible blindness strikes millions of individuals worldwide. Bradley Gelfand and Jayakrishna Ambati revisit the controversial vascular theory of AMD progression and propose, based on recent findings, an updated model of hemodynamic dysfunction in AMD pathogenesis and progression. Impaired immunity with aging also presents an important concern, as immune senescence constitutes a key risk factor for many age-related pathologies including cancer and susceptibility to infection. Hanling Zhang, Daniel Puleston, and Katja Simon discuss the newest findings on how impaired autophagy can contribute to cellular and immune senescence, highlighting the clinical potential of targeting autophagy to delay immune senescence. Technical advances in epigenomics and methylome-wide association studies have flourished in biomedicine and are emerging as important technical tools to dissect critical mechanistic pathways in aging. Hans-Ulrich Klein and Philip de Jager review the role of DNA modifications in modulating functional brain decline in conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. They focus on the advantages and limitations of studying methylation profiles to better understand neurodegeneration and provide a foothold for epigenomic drug targeting designs. We conclude our line-up with three complementary reviews on one of the most rapidly advancing fields at the forefront of aging research, providing discussions on stem cell regeneration and reprogramming approaches to combat aging and treat age-related diseases. Shailaja Akunuru and Hartmut Geiger describe the link between HSC aging, immune remodeling, and disease. Analyzing the potential of reversing HSC aging, they focus on epigenetic changes, cytoskeletal polarity shifts, cellular senescence, and clonal selection as key mechanistic drivers of HSC aging. Clara Soria-Valles and Carlos López-Otín, as well as Alejandro Ocampo, Pradeep Reddy, and Juan Carlos Ispizua Belmonte, examine key anti-aging concepts of cellular reprogramming. They illustrate the most recent advances and challenges in the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from progeroid syndromes and neurodegenerative diseases, visualizing ahead the feasibility of these approaches in vivo. The exciting field of aging research remains uncertain, yet important progress is being made in our efforts to achieve healthy aging and increase our lifespan. I hope you will enjoy this special issue bringing us ‘back to the future’ on key questions – if only a glimpse – and offering a few provocative ideas. Many thanks to all of the authors and reviewers for their contribution and insight and my apologies to the many scientists whose formidable impact in the field I was not able to include in this issue. I also invite you to read Cell Metabolism's ‘Focus on Aging’ June special issue. As always, I am happy to hear from our readers and welcome any comments at [email protected] or @TrendsMolecMed. Until next time… keep young and lively!" @default.
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• W2465648974 date "2016-08-01" @default.
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• W2465648974 title "Back in Time, Back to the Future: Aging and Rejuvenation" @default.
• W2465648974 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2016.06.012" @default.
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