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• W2466153009 abstract "Enolase has three immunologically distinct subunit types a, p and y (Fletcher et al., 1976; Pearce et al., 1976). In the rat the /$subunit is essentially confined to the muscular tissues and the ysubunit to neurons and cells of the APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) system (Schmechel et al., 1978). Immunological titration with monospecific antisera suggests that the distribution of these subunits in human tissue extracts is rather less specific and that the occurrence of the uphybrid may be widespread. These findings have important implications if enolase isoenzymes are to be used in diagnostic tests and particularly in determining damage to specific tissues (HerraezDominguez et al., 1975). The problem has been further investigated by immunohistolocalization studies on normal human tissues. The findings for the cellular distribution of a-, pand ysubunits of enolase are consistent with the results of immunological titration of tissue extracts. Preliminary work to assess the potential use of enolase isoenzymes as markers of pathological change has been carried out using the peroxidase/anti-peroxidase technique of immunohistolocalization on a wide range of tumours from tissues of neural-crest origin. The results of the studies on cerebral tumours show that the enolase isoenzyme composition of a tumour is similar to that of the cell type from which it is derived. Thus astrocytomas, ependymomas and acoustic neuromas show strong staining for a-enolase, oligodendrogliomas only weak staining for this isoenzyme, whereas neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas showed no enolase staining. No cerebral tumour was found to contain yenolase. Ischaemic and necrotic tissues showed diminished enolase activity and this might be expected to result in a leakage of enolase into the cerebrospinal fluid, accounting for the raised concentrations found in the cerebrospinal fluid of many patients with cerebral tumours (Royds et al., 1981). Melanomas are tumours derived from cells that originate from the neural crest, and immunohistolocalization studies of the aand yenolases show that the malignant melanocytes of the dermis normally contain both of these isoenzymes. No enolase could be detected either in normal or malignant melanocytes that are found in the epidermis. This contrasts with the finding that benign intradermal naevi show strong staining for both aand yisoenzymes with a-enolase usually present in excess. The a/y ratio appears to increase with the degree of malignancy with some of the highly de-differentiated cells having no demonstrable yenolase. Tumours of APUD cells have been studied using the same immunological staining technique. Most tumours stained for both aand yenolase with the exception of the oat-cell carcinoma, where five out of 11 cases showed only a-enolase." @default.
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• W2466153009 date "1982-04-01" @default.
• W2466153009 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2466153009 title "Studies on enolase isoenzymes in normal and pathological human tissues" @default.
• W2466153009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0100108" @default.
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