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• W2467709311 abstract "Discourse markers (DMs) are usually broadly defined as structuring and organizing devices that help produce and understand meaning-in-context (e.g. Schiffrin 1987, Fischer 2000). The panel of functions that they can perform ranges from local cohesion (e.g. a causal relation between (sub)clauses) to “global coherence” (Lenk 1998, e.g. topic shift), hence a great variability in the size and type of units they apply to. The notion of scope of DMs has received some attention in grammaticalization studies (Traugott 1995) and more recently in studies on position and segmentation (Pons Borderia & Estelles 2009, Estelles & Pons Borderia 2014). However, scope remains a complex feature to annotate directly in spoken corpora, given the interplay of syntactic and semantic-pragmatic interpretation it involves. I claim that a scale of DM scope can be obtained by merging the information provided by a multi-layered annotation of formal and functional features of DMs, here applied to a comparable corpus of spoken French and English. These annotations include (but are not limited to): function(s) of the DM; a three-fold positioning system (clause, dependency structure, turn-of-speech); co-occurrence patterns; disfluencies in the immediate co-text of the DM (silent/filled pauses, repetitions etc.). My proposal is that corpus-based annotations – coupled with metadata on the contextual settings (e.g. degree of preparation, number of speakers) – can be interpreted in terms of scopes and their relative cognitive load. I will focus on “sequential” DMs (Gonzalez 2005, Crible subm.), which form a functional subgroup attending to topic management and dialogue structure, viz. turn opening, turn closing, topic shifting, topic resuming, and listing (see Crible 2014 for operational definitions of these values), to examine the different ways in which they relate to co-text and context. According to Roberts & Krisner (2000), sequential DMs should theoretically be more complex to produce, given that they work on both the mental “linearization” (Levelt 1989) of the global order of segments (e.g. macro-structure of topics) and on the actual “linearity” of the articulated output (e.g. local transition between topics or turns). I will therefore look for local and contextual evidence for heavy cognitive load, viz. presence of disfluencies, number and function(s) of co-occurring DMs, formality and complexity of the situation (e.g. transmission of information, professional setting). My hypothesis is that sequential DMs should co-occur with more disfluencies (including other DMs) than DMs from other (ideational, interpersonal) groups. I also expect that those markers which are associated with heavy cognitive load take scope over larger units (several propositions, a whole turn). This corpus-based in-depth investigation of DMs in a variety of contexts should uncover patterns and clusters of features that provide indirect evidence for the scope of these structuring elements of discourse. This will in turn contribute to better define the notion of speech linearity, and bring us closer to a cognitive-pragmatic model of discourse structure, following the lines of Van Dijk (e.g. 1989), Degand & Simon (2009) or the Val.Es.Co group (e.g. Pons Borderia 2006). References Crible, L. (subm.). “Towards an operational category of discourse markers: A definition and its model.” Crible, L. 2014. “Identifying and describing discourse markers in spoken corpora. Annotation protocol v.8”. Technical report, Universite Catholique de Louvain. Degand, L. & Simon, A.-C. 2009. “Mapping prosody and syntax as discourse strategies: How Basic Discourse Units vary across genres”. In A. Wichmann, D. Barth-Weingarten, N. Dehe (eds), Where prosody meets pragmatics: research at the interface, Emerald: Bingley: 79-105. Estelles, M. & Pons Borderia, S. 2014. “Absolute initial position”. In S. Pons Borderia (ed.), Discourse Segmentation in Romance Languages, Amsterdam, John Benjamins: 121-155. Fischer, K. 2000. From cognitive semantics to lexical pragmatics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Gonzalez, M. 2005. “Pragmatic markers and discourse coherence relations in English and Catalan oral narrative”. Discourse Studies 77/1: 53-86. Lenk, U. 1998. “Discourse markers and global coherence in conversation”. Journal of Pragmatics 30: 245-257. Levelt, W. 1989. Speaking. From intention to articulation. Cambridge: MIT Press. Pons Borderia, S. 2006. “A functional approach to the study of discourse markers”. In K. Fischer (ed.), Approaches to discourse particles, Amsterdam, Elsevier: 77-100. Pons Borderia, S. & Estelles, M. “Expressing digression linguistically: Do digressive markers exist?”. Journal of Pragmatics 41: 921-936. Roberts, B. & Kirsner, K. 2000. “Temporal cycles in speech production”. Language and cognitive processes” 15/2, 129-157. Schiffrin, D. 1987. Discourse markers. Cambridge: CUP. Traugott, E. 1995. “The role of the development of discourse markers in a theory of grammaticalization”. Paper presented at the International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL) XII, Manchester, UK. Van Dijk, T. 1989. “Cognitive context models and discourse”. In M. Stamenow (ed.), Language structure, discourse and the access to consciousness, Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 189-226." @default.
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• W2467709311 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W2467709311 title "Position and context of structuring discourse markers. A corpus-based investigation of scope and cognitive load in French and English" @default.
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