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• W2473784419 abstract "Rue, Kenneth H. and Disorders Communication Sciences The Effects of Expectations on the Evaluative Behaviors of Speech Clinicians Director: Dr. Evan Jordan This study investigates the effects of expectations on sp< clinicians’ behaviors in the evaluation of nasality in tape recort voice samples. Nineteen female graduate students in Speech Pathology and Audiology were chosen as subject (raters) according to criteria that provided trained sources of expectations. They rated their per­ ceived nasality in two sequences of 40 backward-played, audio-taped voice samples of normal third and fourth grade boys. In the first sequence, 20 of the samples were randomly assigned the label cleft palate with the remaining 20 labeled normal. A second sequence con­ sisted of the same 40 samples in a re-randomized order with the sample labels reversed from those of the first sequence. A 2X2X19 analysis of variance and a Scheffe test indicated that speech clinicians can be biased by the expectation effect in their evaluation of voice samples. The analyses indicated that within each of the two sequences and in some comparisons across both sequences the clinicians, as a group, rated samples labeled cleft palate more nasal than samples labeled, normal. The analysis of variance and the Scheffe test produced no supporting data for the second experimental hypothesis: rating differences according to label would decrease from the first to the second sequence. Instead, the analyses showed that the label differences were greater in the second sequence than the first. A trend analysis indicated a linear increase in the scale values regard­ less of sample label throughout the experiment. This linear trend may have been the result of operation of an extraneous variable(s): loss of reality based referents and consequently resulted in enhancement of the label effect and implied directions to find nasality. Differences in the performance of raters were analyzed for significance in the analysis of variance in order to isolate this source of variability from the analysis of the effects of labels and sequences. These results revealed a significant difference in the performance of individual raters. Additional analyses showed that most raters were affected by labels, some more than others, and a few raters were influenced very little or not at all by the expectation effect." @default.
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• W2473784419 title "Effects of expectations on the evaluation behaviors of speech clinicians" @default.
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