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• W2474834772 abstract "There is still obviously some confusion in Mr Paley about the relationship between words and things, so let's keep it short and simple. When we study a phenomenon, if we wish to do so other than in a state of pre-verbal mystical communion, we will have to have recourse to description. We will have to use words or symbols. Whether we are describing someone's attitude, someone's behaviour, or someone's perception of their subjective intention whilst behaving, we will, to make it comprehensible to ourselves and transmissible to others, have to encode our data in public language. We will have to say something about it. What distinguishes pre- from post-enlightenment science is the application of a valid paradigm, usually mathematical, to order and in some way reduce what we have said, our data. To use Paley's terms, what distinguishes pre- from post-enlightenment scientific enquiry is not, as he states, that we move from studying What People Say About X (the object of study) to directly studying X; rather it is the application of a valid paradigm to WPS(x), an ordering of the data. Kant's point, which Paley appears to miss entirely, was precisely this – that we cannot directly access X, all we have are our perception and description of it. The job of science is to come up with the best descriptions, finding the best paradigm to fit the data. As we mentioned, this approach (called the scientific method) has paid enormous dividends in personality research, allowing us to describe, understand and make predictions about such traits as extraversion. Why not with caring? However Paley seems to believe that care is a singular activity, indeed a completely unique phenomenon, which bears absolutely no relation to the ‘mere words’ used to describe it. We must, he exhorts us, turn away from the irrelevant and arbitrary words used to describe caring and focus on the activity itself. And then? What can we do then but describe, encode, and order our data? Let us join Paley in some ‘grating repetition’. Once again we invite him to be more than destructive and derisory and to describe his alternative research methodology. Until then, we're going to have to stick with science. ‘When we study a phenomenon’, say Deary and Hoogbruin, ‘we will have recourse to description. We will have to use words or symbols.’ Agreed. However, the researcher's words can be used to study (a) the phenomenon, or (b) what people say about it. That is, the researcher's words can refer to (a) things, events and processes, or (b) other people's words. My original point was, and remains, that ‘research on caring’, as reported in the nursing literature, does (b), not (a). Deary and Hoogbruin deal with this point by ignoring it. They observe, instead, that researchers ‘will have to use words’. This is obviously true, but supremely irrelevant. The researcher's words, then, can refer to either (a) what people do, or (b) what people say. Both (a) and (b) belong to what Kant called the phenomenal world, the world we experience. The noumenal world is ‘behind’ or ‘underneath’ this world. It is not in space or time, and so cannot be ‘accessed’. We know nothing about it, except that it is there. We certainly do not have ‘perceptions or descriptions of it’, as Deary and Hoogbruin claim, precisely because our perceptions and descriptions are spatio-temporal, and the noumenal world isn't. As before, Deary and Hoogbruin are confusing the distinction between (a) and (b) with the Kantian distinction between noumena and phenomena. This is a rather strange mistake to make, but they make it persistently. Perhaps a closer reading of Kant would help to rectify it." @default.
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• W2474834772 date "2002-12-01" @default.
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• W2474834772 title "JAN Forum: your views and letters" @default.
• W2474834772 doi "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02443.x" @default.
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