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• W2474881491 abstract "Downy mildew is caused by plant parasitic Oomycetes from the genus Hyaloperonospora and the genus Peronospora. Downy mildew is a common disease of brassicas and closely related cruciferous crops. This thesis surveys downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora (Peronospora) spp. with focus on the rocket salad species. The susceptibility experiment was carried out to research the host specificity of plant parasitic Oomycetes Hyaloperonospora (Peronospora) spp. on rocket salad (wild rocket, Diplotaxis tenuifolia and cultivated rocket salad, Eruca sativa) and other chosen crops from the Brassicaceae family (broccoli, cauliflower, swede, oil seeds rape) at the seedlings stage. Seedlings were inoculated with different isolates (frozen plant material from 2008, diseased brassicas and closely related cruciferous crops from the fields in Norway and diseased cruciferous weeds grown close to the fields with the Brassicaceae family crops). The experiment has shown that the pathogen from a certain host plant species was more aggressive on plants of the same species. The pathogen from the host plant D. tenuifolia was significantly more aggressive on seedlings of D. tenuifolia. The pathogen from the host plant broccoli was more aggressive on broccoli seedlings, but was also capable to infect cauliflower, swede and oilseed rape. The pathogen from host plant swede was more aggressive on seedlings of swede, but disease was observed also on cauliflower and broccoli. The thesis also covers a survey of the survival of conidia in the air. The spores of Hyaloperonospora (Peronospora) spp. were exposed to solar radiation for different time intervals. Afterwards, the viability of these spores was evaluated. Results from the experiment indicate a certain decreasing trend in the viability of spores over the time of their exposure. The third experimental part surveys whether the overwintering structures of Hyaloperonospora (Peronospora) spp. in the soil can cause an infection on the seedlings of D. tenuifolia. The soil from the fields, where rocket salad was grown previous years, was sampled. An occurrence of the disease on the seedlings of D. tenuifolia was observed. The disease was not observed on the experimental seedlings. BACKGROUND In the past years, it has been reported to the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, several losses due to downy mildew caused by the oomycota Hyaloperonospora (Peronospora) spp. The rocket salad growers reported significant losses. Downy mildew is a polycyclic disease caused by different species of Hyaloperonospora and Peronospora (Goker et al., 2009). The obligate parasite from the genus Hyaloperonospora and the genus Peronospora is living on brassicas and closely related cruciferous crops. The losses are more severe at the seedlings stage than on mature healthy plants (Koike et al., 2007, Rimmer et al., 2007). Cool and moist conditions are favourable for the disease development (Smith et al., 1988). Rocket salad crops are used as a fresh newly popular salad mix (D'Antuono et al., 2008). The young leaves of rocket salad crops are harvested. The disease causes quantity and quality losses on the crops. However all aerial parts of the plant can be infected, the symptoms primarily appear on the leaves (Rimmer et al., 2007). Symptoms of the disease such as discoloured lesions and necrotic spots with brown edges can destroyed the quality of the leaves. Also the quantity of the harvest is reduced due to the downy mildew infection. Young seedlings can die as a result of the infection (Rimmer et al., 2007). In the experiments are rocket salad crops represented by wild rocket, Diplotaxis tenuifolia and cultivated rocket salad, Eruca sativa. Both species can be grown in Norway. However, the local production of rocket salad was almost restricted by cultivated D. tenuifolia. Cultivated rocket salad is grown as a supplement to the production of D. tenuifolia in early and late season (source of the information: Bioforsk). Seeds of both rocket plants are available on the Norwegian market. Seeds are sold for example by NORGRO A.S., Brodrene Nelson Fro A.S. In this thesis is used name cultivated rocket salad for Eruca sativa and wild rocket for Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Gilardi et al., 2007, D'Antuono et al., 2008)." @default.
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• W2474881491 date "2010-01-01" @default.
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• W2474881491 title "Downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora (Peronospora) spp. on wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) and other crops from Brassicaceae family" @default.
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