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- W247588256 abstract "Many prison inmates who have passed the GED Test eagerly anticipate taking college courses. Unfortunately, most of these students are woefully unprepared for the writing demands of college. The following proposed curriculum, designed specifically for the adult, female prison population, addresses these writing deficiencies. Introduction: The Problem Passing the high school equivalency examination does not assure prisoners success in college, particularly in the field of writing. As a former Adult Basic Education (ABE) instructor in a women's correctional institution, I have witnessed a tremendous surge of confidence and self-worth in those inmates who pass the GED (General Educational Development) Test. Because their visions of continuing their education beyond the secondary level suddenly seem much closer to reality, these new GED graduates register enthusiastically for college programs offered within the prison walls. It is a paradox, however, that their initial success in passing the GED is often a prelude to failure at the college level. The GED writing test covers topics such as spelling, mechanics, syntax, and paragraph construction, but the multiple-choice format requires that the testee respond only to error. It is much easier, for example, to choose a misspelled word from a group of five than to spell correctly from dictation. Similarly, by using the process of elimination, the well-tutored student can spot an obvious error in syntax or a flaw in sentence structure. Because the students can pass the GED test with little or no knowledge of the writing process, they cannot understand their writing deficiencies until faced with the dilemma of having to produce a written assignment. It is imperative to address these writing shortcomings in order to continue helping these students who have just begun to experience aca demic success. Review of Literature Several recent research articles are of particular importance. To begin, Hayes and Flower (1980) conceive their writing model as a circle divided into four distinct stages generating, organizing, translating, and editing. They stress the importance of the recursive nature of the writing process. That is, both experienced and inexperienced writers may intermix the various phases of writing, and neither group necessarily proceeds in an orderly fashion from the initial jotting down of ideas to the final proofreading of the completed text. Instructionally, then, it would be essential not to expect students to write in discrete stages. In fact, in her research with unskilled writers, Perl (1979) found that her subjects not only used a similar composing method pre-writing, writing, and editing but also displayed a back-and-forth strategy which clearly reflects the recursive style that Hayes and Flower (1980) propose. Equally important and useful is the principle of guiding the student from what Emig (1971) terms the writing into the writing mode. (The reflexive mode is defined as that mode in which the writer expresses his/her own personal feelings and thoughts; the extensive mode, that in which the writer conveys or reports an impersonal message to the reader.) Emig (1971), who worked with a different kind of student ordinary twelfth graders found it extremely difficult to elicit writing of a personal nature: her subjects responded much more freely to those topics that required an extensive, impersonal style the mode which schools request most often. In contrast, with unskilled writers the opposite seems to be the case. That is, the unskilled writer prefers the r flexive mode; using a personal style, the basic writing student produces longer texts with greater fluency (Lewis, 1981; Moff tt, 1968; Moffett & Wagner, 1976; Perl, 1979). This proposed program suggests that the teacher initially assign topics of a reflexive nature and then gradually shift into less personal areas. The issue of writer-based prose versus reader-based prose is also relevant here. Bereiter and Scardamalia (1982) suggest that children must be helped to overcome their reliance on a conversational partner. This inability to consider the reader-the hallmark of writer-based prose also characterizes the work of the unskilled writer, a type Flower (1979) calls egocentric. Thus, both children and less-skilled writers have difficulty considering the reader, who may not have access to the information necessary to comprehend the writer's prose. It is important to note, however, that Flower (1979) regards good writer based prose as an acceptable stage in the development of excellence in writing. She suggests that writer-based prose will serve college students adequately until they become sophisticated enough to produce reader-based prose." @default.
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- W247588256 title "A Post-GED Writing Curriculum for Incarcerated Women--Planning for College." @default.
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