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- W2476102182 abstract "We expect that PKC δ activation will attenuate PMA-induced PMN SO release, whereas PKC δ inhibition will augment the response in comparison to untreated controls. As expected, PKC δ+ attenuated PMN SO release up to 50%, whereas, rottlerin augmented the PMA response up to 96% compared to untreated PMA controls (both p 93±4% in all study groups suggesting that the effects of rottlerin, PKC δ-, and PKC δ+ on PMA induced SO release were not related to cell viability. The data suggest that PKC δ negatively regulates PMN NADPH oxidase SO release. PKC δis relatively ineffective in regulating PMN SO release compared to rottlerin. The data suggest that inhibiting the ATP binding site of PKC δ by rottlerin may be more effective than the inhibition of the translocation of PKC δ to PMN substrates such as NADPH oxidase. Preliminary data shows that superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited untreated PMA (30 nM, n=3) induced SO release by 95±9% and also attenuated PMA plus rottlerin (20 μM, n=3) induced SO release by 96±4%. Cell viability was 96±1% in SOD treated groups. These preliminary results suggests that the effects of rottlerin to augment the reduction of ferricytochrome c in the presence of PMA are related to the generation of SO release. Additional trials will be preformed to confirm the preliminary results. Further research will be aimed at determining the phosphorylation sites of p47phox by PKC δ. Results Isolation of PMNs Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g, Charles River), used as PMN donors, were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane and given a 16 ml intraperitoneal injection of 0.5% glycogen (Sigma Chemical) dissolved in PBS. Rats were reanesthetized with isoflurane 16-18 h later, and the PMNs were harvested by peritoneal lavage in 30 ml of 0.9% NaCl, as previously described [5,8]. Peritoneal lavage fluid was centrifuged at 200 x g for 10 min at 4°C. Then, the PMNs were washed in 20 ml PBS and centrifuged at 200 g for 10 min at 4° C. PMNs were resuspended in 2.5 mL PBS and density was calculated. The PMNs preparation were >90% pure and >95% viable according to microscopic analysis and 0.3 trypan blue exclusion, respectively. Measurement of SO release from Rat PMNs The SO release from PMNs was measured spectrophotometrically (model 260 Gilford, Nova Biotech; El Cajon, CA) by the reduction of ferricytochrome c [5,8]. The PMNs (5 x 106) were resuspended in 450 μl of PBS and incubated with ferricytochrome c (100 μM, Sigma Chemical) in a total volume of 900 μl PBS in the presence or absence of PKC δ activator (Myr-MRAAEDPM, MW=1130 g/mol, 2.5-20 μM, n=10-13), PKC δ inhibitor (Myr-SFNSYELGSL, MW=1326 g/mol, 1-20 μM, n=7-10) or rottlerin (MW=516 g/mol, 0.625-20 μM, n=8-12) for 15 min at 37°C in spectrophotometric cells. The PMNs were stimulated with 15 or 30 nM PMA (MW=616 g/mol, n=13-26) in a final reaction volume of 1.0 ml. Absorbance at 550 nm was measured every 30 sec for up to 420 sec for PMA and the change in absorbance (SO release) from PMNs was determined relative to time 0. Cell viability among all study groups was determined by 0.3% trypan blue exclusion at the end of SO release assay. Viable cells remained unstained and non-viable cells stained blue. Statistical Analysis All data in the text and figures are presented as means ± S.E.M. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance using post hoc analysis with Fishers PLSD test. Probability values of <0.05 are considered to be statistically significant." @default.
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- W2476102182 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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- W2476102182 title "Protein kinase C (PKC) delta activation negatively regulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced superoxide (SO) release in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)" @default.
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