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• W2477876692 abstract "The hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland are the main neuroendocrine organs, which play a critical role in organismal homeostasis. Function (and malfunction) of these organs depends on complex expression of genes in highly specialized neuroendocrine cells located in these organs. Recently, novel mechanisms of gene expression have been discovered, which challenged our view of gene expression regulation. A new class of RNA transcripts, called non-coding RNAs, occupies a pivotal position in these mechanisms. Non-coding RNAs constitute a diverse group of RNA transcripts, which differ in length and secondary structure but have one feature in common: they are not translated into proteins and can regulate expression of protein-coding RNA transcripts through base-to-base complementary interactions with these transcripts. The roles of the members of the non-coding RNA family are well documented, while roles of the others are not: some results are still rather preliminary, while others may be artifactual. Nevertheless, the emerging image shows that non-coding RNAs seem to be integrally interwoven into the gene expression regulatory fabric. In this chapter, we focus on three members of the non-coding (nc) RNA family, whose functionality is supported by several lines of evidence: short, non-coding transcripts (microRNAs), long non-coding transcripts (lncRNAs), and transcripts with the 3’ and 5’ ends fused together, creating circular RNAs (circRNAs). We describe recent discoveries unraveling the fascinating contribution of these non-coding RNAs to the functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland. Certain microRNAs are enriched in these neuroendocrine organs, suggesting their involvement in the control of body weight, caloric intake, metabolism, reproduction, circadian rhythm, and development. Specific lncRNAs have been recognized as important regulators of normal function of these organs as well as contributors to tumor development. Circular RNAs, the newest class of ncRNAs, seem to act as natural microRNA sponges. Indeed, expression of some circRNAs and their putative microRNA targets appears to be negatively correlated, as one would expect from a suppressor and its target. These first few glimpses into the non-coding RNA world uncover a surprisingly rich and diverse environment. Importantly, this motley world seems to be ideally suited to quick and responsive gene expression regulation. Such regulation underlies dynamic adaptation to the ever-changing environment, a chief feature of the neuroendocrine system responsible for homeostasis." @default.
• W2477876692 created "2016-08-23" @default.
• W2477876692 creator A5055945093 @default.
• W2477876692 creator A5063646326 @default.
• W2477876692 creator A5065408173 @default.
• W2477876692 creator A5075315646 @default.
• W2477876692 date "2016-01-22" @default.
• W2477876692 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2477876692 title "New Players in the Neuroendocrine System" @default.
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