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- W2479281242 abstract "With the availability of thin-film systems at interfaces (planar lipid bilayer, liposomes, emulsions, and colloidal liquid/gas aphrons), a host of compounds can now be embedded in these systems for technology, including biotechnological applications, and for detecting their counterparts present in the environment. Concerning the interfaces, aqueous solution | thin film | aqueous solution and aqueous solution | thin film | metal systems are of particular interest from the viewpoint of practical uses. The reasons are as follows: first, an interface can be thought of as a structure so thin that it has no homogeneous interior. However, the kind of ultrathin films under discussion here are heterogeneous from their contacting phases. Second, an ultrathin film such as a planar lipid bilayer is a system whose interior is influenced by the proximity of its interfaces. In a sense we speak of two interconnecting membrane–solution interfaces or a biface, which is defined as any two coexisting membrane-liquid interfaces, through which material, charge, and/or energy transfer are possible. Thermodynamically speaking, it is an ‘‘open’’ system, similar to that of a living cell. These and other interfacial properties of thin films can be understood to a large extent in terms of the laws of interfacial chemistry and physics that govern them, in particular electrochemistry. First, let us consider thin-film systems such as emulsions at interfaces. An emulsion is a quasi-stable suspension of fine drops of one liquid dispersed in another liquid. Emulsions, together with microemulsions, can be found in technology, and in almost every part of the petroleum production and recovery process: in reservoirs, produced at wellheads, in many parts of the refining process, and in transportation pipelines [1–4]. Understanding the chemistry involved in the stabilization of emulsions and in crude oil emulsions in particular is important both for economic and environmental reasons. The presence of water in oil (w/o) and oil in water (o/w) results in several costly byproducts, such as corrosion, scale, and dissolved metals. Water-incrude oil emulsions are responsible for the enormous increase in the viscosity of the crude oils produced in reservoirs. Transportation of the viscous crude oil through pipelines is difficult and adds to the cost of production of the oil. With increasing" @default.
- W2479281242 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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- W2479281242 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W2479281242 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2479281242 title "Ultrathin Films: Their Use in Enhanced Oil Recovery and in Interfacial Catalysis" @default.
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