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- W2480413360 abstract "In the pre-reform days, the danwei welfare economy was essentially a monolithic and closed system.1 Benefits and services were provided by and distributed through the bureaucracy to its members. These were all paid for by the state, ‘passed directly to the state budget and [did] not represent a cost to enterprise management’ (Walder 1986: 43). There was little pressure on the enterprise to run these services efficiently and cost-effectively. Quality was generally poor and choice by users and consumers very limited. ‘It was a very inefficient system. There was a lot of waste. It was in a mess’ (Liu 1995: 135).KeywordsMarket TransitionMedical BillRetirement PensionOccupational WelfareJunior Secondary SchoolThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves." @default.
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- W2480413360 date "2000-01-01" @default.
- W2480413360 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2480413360 title "Reshaping the Danwei Welfare Economy" @default.
- W2480413360 doi "https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333982549_6" @default.
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