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• W2480496866 abstract "This chapter reviews the evolution of two approaches to classification for people with intellectual deficits. Both seek to improve the lives of people with these deficits and both emphasize a developmental perspective. The AAIDD classification focuses on the disability construct and emphasizes normalization and the supports needed for self-determination. Although its definition incorporates a standardized measure of intelligence, its focus is on the provision of supports to help each person reach their potential. It is an approach that advocates for the human rights of people with disability in education, community settings, and the law. In DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association classifies neurodevelopmental disorders and focuses on the etiology of intellectual deficits and their underlying neurobiology. It recognizes that each person has a distinct inherited neurobiology that interacts with environmental experiences during development. It provides a mainstream definition of intellectual deficits that to be fully assessed necessitates both standardized measures of general intelligence and specific neuropsychological measures, especially executive functioning testing. Both types of testing are needed because there are many different patterns of intellectual impairment in neurodevelopmental syndromes that impact test scores. Severity is assessed based on adaptive functioning in academic, social, and practical domains instead of using IQ cutoff scores. Research in the basic neurosciences, genetics, and neuroimaging is providing new insights into our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of intelligence. Our field contributes to understanding the forms of human competence and the role that the intellectual functions play in facilitating adaptation to everyday life." @default.
• W2480496866 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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• W2480496866 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W2480496866 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W2480496866 title "Definition and Nature of Intellectual Disability" @default.
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• W2480496866 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26583-4_2" @default.
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