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• W248052804 abstract "Introduction Over the past few years, several genetic defects have reached substantial frequencies in major breeds of beef cattle and have heightened the awareness of cattle breeders of serious recessive defects. Now it is practical to develop diagnostic tests for these defects relatively rapidly because of improvements in genomics technology. However, most of the recent emphasis on DNA testing in beef cattle has focused on improvement of quantitative traits through selection with essentially no emphasis on development of a systematic approach to identify and eliminate genetic defects before they become serious problems. Planned inbreeding could be a useful tool for accomplishing this objective. Two of the processes for improving livestock populations recognized by pioneers in animal breeding were selection and mating systems. In recent decades, almost all of the attention has focused on selection. Recent research on mating systems tends to focus on methods of minimizing inbreeding or optimizing the balance between selection and inbreeding with the assumption that inbreeding is undesirable. Jay Lush (1973), Gordon Dickerson (1973), and others recognized a number of theoretical advantages of inbreeding and put considerable effort into designing mating systems that utilized inbreeding effectively. A number of inbreeding experiments were conducted in livestock from the 1930s through the 1960s and linebreeding was practiced to a considerable extent, particularly within the Hereford breed of cattle (Brinks and Knapp, 1975). Without the benefit of today’s technology, the general conclusion of these early experiences in inbreeding livestock was that the negative consequences of inbreeding were too great and the efficiency of overcoming these consequences through progeny testing was too low to make inbreeding feasible, particularly for species with low reproductive rates and long generation intervals. In the 1950s and 1960s, recessive genetic defects had major effects on the beef seedstock industry. From the 1960s to the 1980s, the emphasis in livestock mating systems research shifted to the use of heterozygosity to counteract the effects of inbreeding. In the 1970s and 1980s, the use of crossbreeding increased rapidly and in the 1990s, composite breeding systems gained favor. In the 2000s, the beef industry seems to be returning to straightbreeding. A potential consequence is that recessive defects may again increase in impact on commercial beef production. For decades, the beef industry has asked geneticists for tools that could make beef cattle less variable and more genetically consistent. The usual answer from geneticists has been that (aside from cloning, which has it own set of problems), the only means to improve consistency would require levels of inbreeding that are far above what is economically feasible. Much of the variation in livestock may be due to individuals falling below the normal range of phenotypes. Our hypothesis is that many of these nonconformities are due to recessive genetic defects. Most of these defects are likely to be sub-clinical: they are severe enough to result in production losses, but not severe enough to take the" @default.
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• W248052804 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W248052804 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W248052804 title "Proposed strategy for selection against recessive genetic defects through a combination of inbreeding and DNA markers." @default.
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