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• W2484232484 abstract "As reviewed by Moody and Maibach (1), soap washing of skin conducted at 24 hours dermal exposure to environmental contaminants to wash off the nonabsorbed dose for in vitro dermal absorption tests may result in an increase in the amount of topically applied chemical detected in the receiver solution immediately following soap washing. The term “soap” is used generally here to refer to the wide range of cleansers used for skin washing/decontamination (e.g., soaps, detergents, surfactants, and solvents). Soap wash-associated enhanced percutaneous absorption has been termed the in vitro wash-in (W-I) effect in the Moody laboratory. Some, albeit scarce, in vivo data are also consistent with the W-I effect since Wester et al. (2) attributed signifi cantly (P < 0.05) enhanced percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone in urine from Rhesus monkeys (n = 3) with skin soap and water washing conducted at 24 hours versus monkeys tested without soap washing. Wester et al. (2) also reported that this “phenomenon” of soap wash-associated enhanced absorption was observed repeatedly with pesticides (unpublished data). Wester and Maibach (3) referred to an in vivo “washing-in” effect in reporting enhanced absorption of an unspecifi ed herbicide in one Rhesus monkey. The W-I effect was explained in these early studies from the Maibach laboratory on the basis that skin washing conducted for the purpose of decontamination possibly enhanced the absorption due to surfactant and/or skin hydration effects (1–5). Other than several reports from the Moody laboratory that a W-I effect of various magnitudes was observed in vitro for several radiolabeled pesticides applied to the skin of different animal species including human (6–13), there is a paucity of W-I reports from other laboratories. Prior to considering the clinical importance and potential for adverse health effects of the W-I effect, the in vitro methods used need to be considered." @default.
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• W2484232484 date "2012-09-27" @default.
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• W2484232484 title "Importance of the skin decontamination wash-in effect" @default.
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• W2484232484 doi "https://doi.org/10.3109/9781841848570-59" @default.
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