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- W2486390304 abstract "Abstract In Japan, fiscal (and other) policies were used by the government to influence the supply and demand for goods and services in the economy, through changes in corporate and personal taxation, public investment, subsidies, and welfare payments. Both then and more generally, through the annual General Account and Fiscal Investment Loan Programme Budgets, it distributed benefits and imposed burdens differentially on economic and social groups, clienteles, and individuals. Who and what won and lost in the central budgetary processes were determined mainly by the size, composition, and distribution of the mandatory and discretionary expenditures in the General Account and Supplementary Budgets. This chapter evaluates the Ministry of Finance's performance in delivering a budget total of general expenditures in December within the ceiling prescribed six months earlier—in short, the extent to which it won or lost in the autumnal bilateral negotiations with Spending Ministries and Agencies. It also looks at the changes in the distribution of current and capital spending as the policies of fiscal reconstruction, consolidation, and expansion were implemented." @default.
- W2486390304 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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- W2486390304 date "2002-04-04" @default.
- W2486390304 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2486390304 title "Who Wins, Who Loses?" @default.
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- W2486390304 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250530.003.0021" @default.
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