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• W2487117198 abstract "V. parahaemolyticus is the most common seafood pathogen and, along with other members of the genus, it is the only foodborne bacterial pathogen to be increasing in incidence in the United States. This increase may be attributed to many factors, such as warmer water temperatures or an increase in raw shellfish consumption. A major challenge in limiting infections from this organism is that it is a natural member of the marine and estuarine community from which seafood is harvested. Unlike many other foodborne pathogens, there is essentially no mechanism for preventing V. parahaemolyticus from entering the food supply chain. Instead, prevention of V. parahaemolyticus infections must rely on methods of controlling the organism’s growth after harvest. Understanding of the organism’s ecology and a clear understanding of its pathogenicity are also key components to reducing the burden of illness. Many researchers are focused on understanding the ecological niche and environmental factors controlling total and pathogenic (as defined as tdh+ and/or trh+) V. parahaemolyticus abundance in its natural environment. However, it has become evident that the traditional indicators of strain virulence, TDH and TRH, are not sufficient to indicate potential pathogenicity. Investigations into other pathogenicity factors and elucidating the factors which truly influence a strain’s virulence potential are critical. While much has been discovered in the sixty-plus years since the identification of V. parahaemolyticus, there is still much to be revealed.V. vulnificus is the world’s most fatal foodborne pathogen, with case fatality rates of 50% or more reported in numerous countries. It is of special concern in places where molluscan shellfish are consumed raw or undercooked, although the incidence of bathing/fishing water-associated wound infections is increasing significantly. This includes geographical areas which had not previously reported the presence of V. vulnificus or its infections, presumably due to increasing surface seawater temperatures and lowering salinities. The great majority of persons developing primary septicaemia have underlying chronic diseases which result in an immunocompromised status. In addition, however, those persons developing potentially fatal wound infections typically do not have such underlying diseases. Our understanding of V. vulnificus infection has been enhanced with the realization that three biotypes exist, with biotype 1 being of primary human concern, with two genotypes of this biotype now recognized. A variety of putative virulence factors have been studied, but with the exception of an antiphagocytic capsule and likely the MARTX toxin, our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this bacterium is still insufficient. This includes what differentiates those cells capable of causing septicaemia, those limited to wound infections, and the majority (E-genotype) which appear largely avirulent for humans. We also are uncertain why the great majority of cases, be they wound or ingestion, occur in males over the age of 40. This fascinating bacterium, with its two lifestyles of coastal water/shellfish and human disease, will undoubtedly continue to challenge for many years to come." @default.
• W2487117198 created "2016-08-23" @default.
• W2487117198 creator A5020720305 @default.
• W2487117198 creator A5081210319 @default.
• W2487117198 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2487117198 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2487117198 title "Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus" @default.
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