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- W2487119872 abstract "Nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage has been shown to have a protective association with incident AD and dementia in many case-control and cohort studies. Longer durations of use have been found to be associated with stronger protective effects. When participants of different ages were examined, the effect was seen in those under 75, but not in persons older than this age. This finding is consistent with a significant association in carriers of the apolipoprotein E-e4 allele but not in noncarriers. An NSAID meta-analysis showed significant protective associations in both case-control (OR =0.75, 95% CI =0.68–0.74) and cohort (RR =0.69, 95% CI =0.56–0.86) studies. RCTs in participants with AD have shown no effect. In addition, a large RCT in cognitively impaired older persons with a family history of dementia showed no association of naproxen or celecoxib usage and incidence of AD. Overall, studies of NSAIDS and AD demonstrate that long-term usage, particularly when begun earlier in life, may reduce the risk for AD. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been extensively studied with respect to AD risk. Studies show that if such therapy is begun within a critical time window around the time of menopause and continued for a relatively short number of years, reductions in the risk of AD are seen in later life. A large RCT (the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study) demonstrated increased risk for dementia in women taking HRT (either unopposed estrogen or estrogen plus progesterone) initiated after age 65, a finding confirmed by several cohort studies. Continuous use of anticholinergic drugs may disclose an underlying disease process." @default.
- W2487119872 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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- W2487119872 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2487119872 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2487119872 title "Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Anticholinergic Medications" @default.
- W2487119872 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804538-1.00019-5" @default.
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