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- W2487699715 abstract "It is paradoxical that in recent decades the successful launching of new independent states has been matched by persistent efforts to create new groupings or associations of states for a variety of purposes. As political attitudes changed and opportunities presented themselves to national and other groups, wishful to escape from imperialist restraints and to govern themselves in their own ways, the world political map has come to assume an increasingly fragmented pattern. That political independence has been achieved often by peaceful negotiation rather than by military struggle is doubtless a matter for legitimate rejoicing, but independence merely transfers to new rulers all the problems and difficulties involved in the making of decisions about their own internal and external affairs. In most cases, but with glaring exceptions such as the Belgian Congo, the transfer of power to new rulers, backed by governmental institutions, police and armed forces, made provision for a fair start for the voyage into uncharted seas. Independence did not eliminate dependence: rather it highlighted the financial and economic dependence of new states on the strong, creating situations for which the word ‘neocolonialism’ was coined [Nkrumah 1965]. Clearly difficulties arose and adaptations had to be made before workable and appropriate systems of government were found. In many cases, as with some former British colonies, the democratic system, modelled on that of the United Kingdom, proved too mature and too difficult to apply successfully and was replaced by variant systems involving a personal leader who was often, as in Nigeria, Uganda and Niger, a soldier. At the worst, as in the former Belgian colonies of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, there has been inter-tribal warfare and much bloodshed, suggesting that in these cases decolonisation was an unprepared and over-hasty process: indeed such cases show the stupidity and wrongheadedness of applying with insufficient thought the United Nations policy of rapidly emancipating colonial peoples. But in the main the new states have grappled with their internal problems and many, notably in Africa, whose viability was gravely doubted at their birth, have by their survival confounded the prophets of doom." @default.
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- W2487699715 date "1975-01-01" @default.
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- W2487699715 title "The Grouping of States" @default.
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- W2487699715 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15561-3_9" @default.
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