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• W2488001441 abstract "The article deals with quantitative assessment of microbial growth in natural outdoor habitats (soil, subsoil, waters) populated by microorganisms. We start from introduction to basics of growth stoichiometry and kinetics defining such parameters as growth yield on various nutrient substrates (catabolic, anabolic), cell quota, growth rates and the rates of nutrients consumption and product formation, maintenance requirements and its variation as dependent on physiological state of cells. To understand the regulatory mechanisms and predict microbial development over time (growth, death, differentiation) we use mathematical simulations of different complexity. The simplest unstructured models describe microbial growth as autocatalytic conversion of nutrients into new cell mass and possibly some extracellular products. The most complex models embrace the whole array of microbial metabolic reactions available from full genome sequences of representative microbial species. The most productive growth models occupy the intermediate position between two extremes; theses models contain relatively low number of aggregated variables but allow simulation of adaptive behavior of microbial cells under changeable environment. We apply different models to explain microbial growth kinetics observed in laboratory cultivation systems analyzing exponential and logistic growth, batch culture and chemostat including chemostat with cell recycle (retentostat). Special subsection has been allocated to the in-depth analysis of extremely slow growth of microorganisms in oligotrophic environments (deep subsurface, oligotrophic lakes and poor mineral soils), where we show that near-zero growth (generation time extended to months and years) inevitably requires differentiation of cells into growing and dormant subpopulations. To apply the described kinetic approach to real nature, we present a classification of natural habitats based on three ordination axes: a) the mode of nutrients delivery (continuous or single-term), b) spatial structure (homogeneous or heterogeneous with spatial gradients of environmental characteristics) and c) the strength of elimination pressure such as grazing, phage lysis, washout etc. For each type of habitat, kinetic models was constructed and given respective equivalent of laboratory cultivation system that can be used for experimental scaling-up. The next topic deals with the issue of behavioral diversity of microbial forms of life in biosphere. We use the concept of life strategy to follow the effect of natural selection under different circumstances (e.g. at pioneer and late stages of succession, under environmental stresses, perturbations etc.) on development of populations with clearly distinct stereotype of behavior. Finally, the last section of the chapter focuses specifically on kinetics of microbial decomposition, the most important environmental function of soil and aquatic microbial communities." @default.
• W2488001441 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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• W2488001441 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W2488001441 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2488001441 title "Kinetics of Microbial Processes☆" @default.
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• W2488001441 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09733-5" @default.
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