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- W2488578022 endingPage "207" @default.
- W2488578022 startingPage "182" @default.
- W2488578022 abstract "The Norman conquest of Wales, a piecemeal penetration over a period of some 130 years, was as much a political as a military advance. The unit of penetration was the Welsh political entities (cantrefi) with the result that lands in Wales were held by right of conquest, not by grant from the king. The initial campaigns were both swift and successful. A chain of castles was established along the north coast and Robert of Rhuddlan succeeded in penetrating through the very heart of Gwynedd to Caernarfon. In mid-Wales Roger of Montgomery, following the valley of the Dee into Powys, over-ran the cantrefi of Arwystli, Cydewain and Ceri. By 1099 Deheubarth (south Wales) seemed to have disappeared as castles were established from Cardiff to Swansea, Brecon, Cardigan and Pembroke. But 1094 saw the return from exile of Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd (north Wales) who had been the prisoner of Hugh of Chester. Gradually, lost lands were regained and new conquests consolidated in the north though the Welsh ‘revolt’ in the south had less spectacular success. By 1135, though west and north Wales were once more in Welsh hands, Deheubarth was an Anglo-Norman province." @default.
- W2488578022 created "2016-08-23" @default.
- W2488578022 creator A5005256205 @default.
- W2488578022 creator A5086848064 @default.
- W2488578022 date "1999-01-21" @default.
- W2488578022 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2488578022 title "Writing in Wales" @default.
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