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- W2488893021 abstract "This chapter discusses thermal conduction through tissue and its heat capacity. A variety of methods may be used to measure the thermal properties of tissue samples; the techniques used may be categorized as invasive or noninvasive, and in each case, it may enable steady-state or non-steady-state measurements to be made. Also, a set of semi-invasive techniques has been investigated in which temperatures have been measured using cutaneous and subcutaneous thermocouples with surface heat fluxes provided by various non-invasive sources. On the other hand, totally noncontact methods use external radiation to heat tissue and observe the subsequent time-course of skin temperature with a radiometer. The thermal conductivity, k, of tissues at temperatures above freezing may increase while showing a very slight positive temperature coefficient. It is generally recognized that tissues may be considered more accurately for thermal analysis as being composed of water, protein, and fat. Subsequently, thermal conductivity may then be expressed as k = ρ ∑ n = 1 3 k n ω n / ρ n , and ω n are thermal conductivity, density, and mass fraction of the n th component respectively and ρ the density of the composite material. While for temperatures below freezing, the specific heat of tissues, C, varies markedly with temperature in a manner depending strongly on the tissue water content. For the calculation of thermal capacities, the following equation may be used: C = ∑ n = 1 3 ω n C n where ω n is the mass fraction of the n th component and C n its specific heat." @default.
- W2488893021 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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- W2488893021 date "1990-01-01" @default.
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- W2488893021 title "Thermal Properties of Tissue" @default.
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- W2488893021 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-222800-1.50006-1" @default.
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