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- W2489961036 abstract "When we speak of ‘Iraq’ certain words or terms spring to mind: anarchy, lawlessness, violence, sectarianism, bodycount or Hobbesian ‘war of all against all’.1 However political violence and crime in Iraq adhered to clear rules of social logic. The ‘war of all against all’ did not occur.2 Authority did appear quite quickly but from multiple places. The sources of power included the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) in the Green Zone then, following the transfer of power, the weak Iraqi government, Shia militias, Sunni militias and rejuvenated tribal authority In part Iraq began to resemble African ‘warlord’ states as documented by Reno and de Waal in which the violence followed clear lines of rationality since the ‘market’ for conflict resolution was skewed against making a permanent deal.3 The statelet with the most coercive force in Iraq was the CPA government, in operation from 2003–04, and its successor the Iraqi government (heavily influenced by the US as a form of shadow government). Using the US military it intimidated the Mehdi Army, faced down the insurgents in Falluja in 2004 and effectively terminated al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) as a threat to the state in 2007–08 (after thinking politically and co-opting local forces). But from the start it never had a monopoly of violence and it could not provide public security and basic services. As most observers have pointed out this was central to subsequent political development in Iraq." @default.
- W2489961036 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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- W2489961036 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W2489961036 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2489961036 title "State Collapse, Democratisation and Informal Power in Iraq" @default.
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- W2489961036 doi "https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316768_7" @default.
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