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• W249025750 abstract "The I Ching is a form of divination that hails from ancient China. As a system of divination in book form (containing 64 unique readings), most scholars view the I Ching traditionally as a tool for guidance, though many Western users today would see it as a book of predictions (Whinchup, 1986; Wilhelm, 1989). Though the I Ching is many thousands of years old, documented evidence exists that it steadily grew in popularity over the centuries, especially from the seventh century BC onward, surviving political chaos and even book burnings in the third century BC because of the importance of divination in the Chinese zeitgeist. In modern times it has gained widespread use throughout the world (Whinchup, 1986). The I Ching has been found to be methodical and well organised. For example, Covello (1977) showed that there was a rationally derived, systematic substructure to the I Ching, and he claimed: One of the more fascinating aspects of the I Ching is that it can be viewed as a mathematically ordered cosmology. Its surprisingly systematic structure renders many of its assertions amenable to controlled investigation (p. 115). In the modern era, the user throws three coins six times to generate 1 of 64 so-called hexagrams (six-line symbols) with its associated reading. The reading is said to provide an answer to the user's questions, to give insight into a problem, or even to furnish the user with an ostensible forecast of future outcomes based on conditions in the present. Because the I Ching putatively gives such information, the possibility exists that an anomalous process which would primarily reside in the user underlies the I Ching process. Jung (1960, 1989) argued that chance is given a free rein in the process and that an acausal principle underlies the outcome, but his claims are driven by certain assumptions made under the rubric of synchronicity theory (see Storm, 1999). It is equally valid to argue that the rules of chance can actually be subverted by intention (conscious or unconscious) so that the effects of chance are reduced. The outcome may then be less coincidental and more veridical in nature. That is, the predisposed participant may introduce his or her own influence into the system so that human involvement--the crucial part of the I Ching process--might anomalously generate a hexagram that corresponds with a reading of some utility to the user. Thus, the system may be dependent on other than normal processes (i.e., a paranormal or otherwise anomalous process). Experimentation with the I Ching may help establish statistical evidence that an anomalous process might be taking place during the use of the I Ching that might, by implication, reflect on the alleged efficacy of this form of divination. As previously stated, this divinatory process has been described as synchronicity (Jung, 1960, 1989)--a paranormal effect involving meaningful coincidence. It has also been described as psychopractic, an overarching term that replaces the terms ESP and PK (Storm & Thalbourne, 2001), because it is difficult to determine whether the I Ching effect is produced through precognition (ESP) or anomalous manipulation of the coins (i.e., PK), with or without clairvoyance (ESP). A number of researchers have investigated the I Ching for its possible paranormal component (e.g., Rubin & Honorton, 1971, 1972; Thalbourne, 1994; Thalbourne, Delin, Barlow, & Steen, 1992-1993), and these studies reported mixed results (for a review, see Storm & Thalbourne, 2001). Studies by Storm and Thalbourne (1998-1999, 2001a) looked for relationships between paranormal ability in the I Ching setting and two dimensions not previously tested in any I Ching study: (1) personality (using Raymond Cattell's 16PF questionnaire--see Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970), and (2) transliminality (the tendency of psychological material to cross into or out of consciousness--see Lange, Thalbourne, Houran, & Storm, 2000). …" @default.
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• W249025750 date "2006-03-22" @default.
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• W249025750 title "A Parapsychological Investigation of the I Ching: The Relationship between PSI, Intuition, and Time Perspective (1)" @default.
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