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- W2491084043 endingPage "1847" @default.
- W2491084043 startingPage "1829" @default.
- W2491084043 abstract "This chapter provides a brief summary and overview of the data available on 2,4-D. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), the most common of the phenoxy herbicides, is one of the best-studied agricultural chemicals. It is the most widely used herbicide and the majority of the literature on phenoxy herbicides pertains to studies with 2,4-D. The basic form of 2,4-D is the acid, but 2,4-D is often formulated as an inorganic salt, amine, or ester through various manufacturing processes and is used in many commercial products. 2,4-D is primarily used as an herbicide in agriculture, forestry, and lawn care practices, with the majority of the total usage in the United States being reported for use as weed control in agriculture. Exposure to it can occur via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. Respiratory exposure to 2,4-D is less than 2% of total exposure, and residual levels in foodstuffs or drinking water are essentially nondetectable or only detected in trace amounts. 2,4-D is rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract following oral exposure, with peak plasma levels being reached in as little as 10 minutes or up to 24 hours depending on the dose and chemical form of 2,4-D. In occupationally exposed humans, dermal absorption was reported to occur rapidly based on the detection of 2,4-D in urine within 4 hours. 2,4-D is highly water-soluble and therefore is widely distributed, but does not accumulate, in the body. It also does not readily cross lipid membranes, and at physiological pH, it exists predominantly in the ionized form. 2,4-D uses active transport systems to enter tissues and cross the blood/brain barrier. The extensive database of metabolic, toxicological, and epidemiological studies on 2,4-D has provided no evidence that 2,4-D poses any health risk to humans when used according to label directions." @default.
- W2491084043 created "2016-08-23" @default.
- W2491084043 creator A5021636668 @default.
- W2491084043 creator A5054753869 @default.
- W2491084043 creator A5065907492 @default.
- W2491084043 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W2491084043 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2491084043 title "Phenoxy Herbicides (2,4-D)" @default.
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