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- W2492854634 abstract "The adaptive immune system produces antibodies to a large variety of foreign pathogens. The acceptance of the clonal selection theory of antibody formation and the division of lymphocytes into functional populations of T and B lymphocytes spurred studies on the mechanism of antibody formation by B lymphocytes. At a minimum, B lymphocytes must recognize the foreign antigen through a membrane-bound immunoglobulin, the B cell receptor. For a few T-independent antigens this interaction is sufficient to induce an IgM response. The response to most antigens, however, requires the interaction of B lymphocytes with antigen plus a second signal. A two-signal model of B lymphocyte activation was initially proposed by Peter Bretscher and Melvin Cohn in 1968. By the late 1960s, immunologists knew that optimal antibody formation required help from T lymphocytes. During the 1970s and 1980s evidence showed that this help came from two sources: direct interaction between T and B lymphocytes and through the intermediary of soluble cytokines. The T lymphocyte-derived signals activate synthesis and secretion of antibody and induce genetic changes, leading to the synthesis of five different isotypes (classes) of antibody possessing a variety of effector functions, all with the same antigenic specificity." @default.
- W2492854634 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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- W2492854634 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2492854634 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W2492854634 title "B Lymphocyte Activation" @default.
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- W2492854634 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398381-7.00019-8" @default.
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