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- W2494596789 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current understanding about the chemistry and mechanism of action of delayed neuropathic (DN) agents. It also describes how the existing knowledge can be applied to generate biomarkers and biosensors for discriminating between conventional and DN agents. DN agents represent a new functional class of organophosphorus (OP) threats that have heretofore not been used in warfare or terrorist acts. Nevertheless, it is vital to develop effective defenses against them for three reasons. First, these materials can readily be produced by rather straightforward modifications of the structures of conventional nerve agents. Second, warning signs and symptoms of toxicity may be lacking until 1–4 weeks after exposure, when the permanent sensory deficits and paralysis associated with OP compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) develop. Third, there are no established means of preventing or treating OPIDN. Pathogenesis of OPIDN involves progressive distal degeneration of sensory and motor axons in peripheral nerves and spinal cord tracts. Accordingly, symptoms begin with paresthesias in the distal extremities followed by sensory loss, ataxia, and flaccid paralysis. Once the disease is initiated, it advances inexorably. In keeping with its unknown mechanism of neurodegeneration, there is no cure or treatment other than general supportive therapy. Over a period of months to years, some regeneration of peripheral nerve axons may occur to reinnervate muscle." @default.
- W2494596789 created "2016-08-23" @default.
- W2494596789 creator A5015968517 @default.
- W2494596789 creator A5025124312 @default.
- W2494596789 creator A5083614595 @default.
- W2494596789 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W2494596789 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2494596789 title "Biomarkers and Biosensors of Delayed Neuropathic Agents" @default.
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