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• W2495230265 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes the concept that age-related fractures represent a structural failure, whereby the forces applied to the bone exceed its load-bearing capacity. Viewing fractures in this manner, it is clear that studies of their etiology must include factors that influence skeletal fragility or its load-bearing capacity, as well as those that influence the forces that are applied to the skeleton. The load-bearing capacity of a skeletal structure is determined by its intrinsic material properties as well as the total amount and spatial distribution of the bone tissue. Considerable evidence indicates that the material properties, particularly the elastic modulus and ultimate strength, of both cortical and trabecular bone decrease with increasing age in both men and women. This decrease in material properties is likely due, in part, to age-related reductions in bone mass, as the elastic modulus and strength of trabecular bone are related to density by a non-linear relationship. Therefore, small changes in bone density can dramatically influence bone material properties. These decrements in bone density and material properties may be partially offset by geometric rearrangement of the bone tissue, particularly in the long bones, that helps preserve the bone's ability to resist bending and torsional loads. Clinical investigations have confirmed that skeletal status and fall severity are both significant and independent risk factors for hip fracture. Estimates of the forces applied to the proximal femur during a sideways fall range from 2900 to 4260 N for the 5th to 95th percentile woman based on height and weight. Factors that influence the load applied to the femur include, but are not limited to, fall height, fall direction, body habitus, muscle activity, trochanteric soft tissue thickness, and the intrinsic stiffness of the hip and knee joints. Discussion concludes that future studies should incorporate assessments of fall severity in order to determine the characteristics of falls associated with vertebral fracture. In addition, models to estimate the loads applied to the spine during a fall should be developed." @default.
• W2495230265 created "2016-08-23" @default.
• W2495230265 creator A5032638450 @default.
• W2495230265 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W2495230265 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2495230265 title "Biomechanics of Age-Related Fractures" @default.
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