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• W2495483419 abstract "Ethanol has multiple specific targets in the brain that combine to yield a complexly nuanced psychoactive agent (1). However, the study of glutamatergic targets of ethanol have been a recent development (2). The recency of these clinical studies may be surprising. Glutamate is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex and it mediates most output of the cortex and limbic system (3). Also, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor is among the highest-affinity targets of ethanol inthe brain (4). This chapter will provide an introduction to studies indicating that NMDA receptor blockade contributes to the behavioral effects of ethanol in humans. In doing so, it will provide clinical insights into the neurobiology of the rewarding and dysphoric effects associated with the blockade of NMDA receptors by ethanol. This chapter will then describe evidence of glutamatergic dysregulation in ethanol-dependent patients. In doing so, it will emphasize the hypothesis that ethanol tolerance may be associated with alterations in the reward valence of the NMDA antagonist component of ethanol action. It will also describe evidence that the familial vulnerability to alcoholism may be associated with alterations in NMDA receptor function that promote its use." @default.
• W2495483419 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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• W2495483419 date "2003-11-15" @default.
• W2495483419 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2495483419 title "Alcohol and Glutamate Neurotransmission in Humans: Implications for Reward, Dependence, and Treatment" @default.
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• W2495483419 doi "https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-306-2:389" @default.
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