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- W2496405239 abstract "The general goal of this thesis is to analyze, in some European countries, the connections of Variable Pay Systems with company behaviour, collective bargaining, wage determination and wage inequality. We introduce three different approaches to Variable Pay Systems. First, a company-industry approach in the case of Spain, using a qualitative methodology and analyzing competitiveness, productivity, unit labor cost and collective agreements. Second, a country-collective bargaining approach in the case of some European countries and using a quantitative methodology. And third, a country-wage determination and wage-inequality approach in the case of some European countries and using a quantitative methodology. A multidisciplinary point of view is used, combining tools from Industrial Relations and from Labor Economics. Wage determination is a commonplace in Labor Economics literature, but considering wages as a “black box”, without taking into account any breakdowns like variable forms of remuneration. Industrial Relations analyze factors which are determining Variable Pay Systems without their impact in wage determination or in wage inequality. Some literature justifies the introduction of Variable Pay Systems with the improvement in motivation employees, assuming that it will imply an improvement in productivity level. But our general research question is if there are other factors which are explaining the use of Variable Pay Systems and if there are other implications arising. This thesis is divided in four different chapters. In Chapter 1 we offer a literature review about definition and classification of variable pay schemes. On the one hand, Variable Pay Systems would be linked with globalization and its consequences and with last economic crisis, in terms of different elements like searching for improvements in competitiveness by companies and financialization; so, they would be a consequence of the changes in general economic framework of world economy. And, on the other hand, Variable Pay Systems would be the cause of the improving in motivation employees, in productivity and in competitiveness of the firms. In Chapter 2, we do an analysis of Variable Pay Systems in the case of nine companies from Spanish Automotive industry. We combine information from interviews and from collective agreements legal text with companies economic information, from Sabi database. Using a qualitative methodology (Multi Value Qualitative Comparative Analysis), our main conclusion is that the introduction of Variable Pay Systems would be closer to the strategies of multinational companies looking for higher level of competitiveness (decreasing unit labor cost) than to their strategies looking for improvement in employees motivation. In Chapter 3, we analyze the connection between Variable Pay Systems and collective bargaining regimes. We use three waves (2002, 2006 and 2010) from SES (Structure Earnings Survey) and we chose six different European countries (Finland, Spain, Portugal, France, Romania and Poland) with available data and with different collective bargaining regimes. As a proxy of Variable Pay Systems we use “Annual Bonuses” and its breakdown in Regular bonuses, Productivity bonuses and Profit sharing premiums. We evaluate the probability of earning bonuses (as dependent variable) and if this probability has any kind of pattern connected with collective bargaining regimes. Our main conclusion is as bargaining regimes become much more decentralized, bonuses depend on a larger number of variables (statistically significant), because in these situations they are not included in collective agreements; so, bonuses become much more variable. In Chapter 4, we take the same three waves from SES to analyze the main relevant variables of wage determination, through OLS (Ordinary Least Square) regression applied to a Mincerian wage equation, which includes a proxy of Variable Pay Systems (as independent variable). We use a decomposition of wage variance through difference of the R2 coefficient, in order to look what is the contribution of bonuses to wage variance. Moreover, we introduce Fields decomposition to evaluate which is the contribution of bonuses to wage inequality. One conclusion is that in countries with higher level of decentralization in collective bargaining, are countries with higher percentage in wage variance explanation by productivity bonuses and profit sharing premium. And, other conclusion, is that in countries in which bonuses are explaining the most important part of wage variance are the same countries in which bonuses have highest incidence in wage inequality, through Fields decomposition. In 2010, these countries were Spain, Portugal and Romania." @default.
- W2496405239 created "2016-08-23" @default.
- W2496405239 creator A5005472304 @default.
- W2496405239 date "2016-01-22" @default.
- W2496405239 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W2496405239 title "Approaches to variable pay systems" @default.
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