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- W2498185213 abstract "In the laboratory, females of Palaemonetes pugio with ripe ovaries usually underwent premating ecdysis at night, and were capable of swimming after one min and of walking and copulating after 2 min. Antennal contact always occurred prior to copulation and may be necessary for male recognition of female receptivity. Copulation, lasting 5-10 s, was not preceded by prolonged courtship displays and consisted of 4 distinct events: (1) lunge and capture; (2) placement of the male's thoracic-abdominal junction perpendicular to the same area of the female, ventral surface to ventral surface; (3) pleopod lowering and spermatophore transfer; and (4) disengagement. Ablation experiments demonstrated that the endopods of pleopods 1 and 2 of the male were involved in spermatophore transfer. The grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis is abundant in estuaries along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of North America, from Nova Scotia to Texas (Williams and Wigley, 1977). It is an important prey (Gunter, 1945; Hedgpeth, 1947; Darell, 1958) and predator (Bell and Coull, 1978), and plays a major role in energy transfer in salt marsh systems (Welsh, 1975). Palaemonetes pugio and P. vulgaris from North Carolina initiate ovarian development in February, with egg deposition beginning in early April (Knowlton and Williams, 1970). Sexual maturity is attained at a carapace length of about 5 mm. Reproductive activity continues through the summer and wanes during September, with cessation of hatching by mid-October. Palaemonetes pugio is a multiple brooder (Knowlton and Williams, 1970); females carrying embryos often also have developing ovaries. Sikora (1977) reported two distinct spawning periods for P. pugio in South Carolina, the first ending in early June and the second ending in the latter part of October. Both temperature and day length are important in initiating reproduction (Little, 1968). The reproductive anatomy and sexual characteristics of Palaemonetes have not been described in detail, but are similar to those for another palaemonid shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) (Sandifer and Smith, 1979). Paired gonopores of female Palaemonetes are located on the coxae of the third pair of pereiopods. During the season, the ovaries may be distinguished through the semitransparent carapace as greenish, cylindrical organs lying above the digestive tract in the cephalothorax. The testes occupy a position similar to that of the ovaries, but they are not easily seen through the carapace. The gonopores of the male are located on the coxae of the fifth pereiopods. Mature males also possess a secondary sexual structure, the appendix masculina, which consists of a complex process arising from the medial edge of the endopod of each second pleopod. Immediately prior to mating and spawning, females of Palaemonetes with ripe ovaries molt into breeding which is characterized by the presence of extra setae (some of which are involved in egg attachment), enlargement of the abdominal brood pouch, and development of periodic chromatophores (Antheunisse et al., 1968). Following the molt into dress, females become attractive and receptive to males. Once a male recognizes a receptive female, copulation generally follows. The so-called copulatory rami (the appendix masculina of pleopod 2 and the modified endopod of pleopod 1) are believed to be involved in sper" @default.
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- W2498185213 date "1984-01-01" @default.
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- W2498185213 title "MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE GRASS SHRIMP" @default.
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