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- W2499202414 abstract "The chapter discusses the anatomy and physiology of esophagus, which is a tube that is delimited by upper and lower sphincters. Its function is to transmit a bolus of food from the pharynx to the stomach. This function is performed by a coordinated muscle pump, which develops a peristaltic wave that propels the bolus downward. Anatomically, the normal esophagus begins as an extension of the pharynx in the neck, passes through the posterior mediastinum, and enters the abdomen through the diaphragmatic hiatus. The esophagus ends distally in the lower esophageal sphincter. At the caudal end of the lower esophageal sphincter is the gastroesophageal junction. Physiologically, the abdominal part of the esophagus behaves like an abdominal organ. During manometry, the respiratory pressure changes in the abdominal part of the lower esophageal sphincter are similar to those in the stomach, increasing with inspiration and decreasing with expiration. The anatomy around the abdominal esophagus is complicated. The peritoneum on the undersurface of the diaphragm reflects off the diaphragm to begin covering the gastrointestinal tract. The connective tissue between the peritoneum and the undersurface of the diaphragm condenses near the diaphragmatic hiatus to form two ligaments, the superior and inferior leaf of the phrenoesophageal ligaments that are variably developed in different people and sometimes not clearly recognized." @default.
- W2499202414 created "2016-08-23" @default.
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- W2499202414 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W2499202414 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2499202414 title "Normal Anatomy; Present Definition of the Gastroesophageal Junction" @default.
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- W2499202414 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012369416-4/50004-2" @default.
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