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- W2499291320 abstract "The second half of the eighteenth century witnessed a new phase of European expansion into the non-European world, stimulated by the mercantilist ambitions of European governments and made possible by a growing technological superiority. One consequence was a series of attempts to develop a profitable trade with the countries of East Asia, most of which, bound loosely together in a political and economic system centering on China, had shown little inclination previously to engage in commerce with other regions. Japan, committed to a policy of national isolation (sakoku) dating from the seventeenth century, gave no sign of responding to such overtures. With China, however, there grew up a trade in tea and silk that by 1800 was of considerable value. In the next fifty years or so, this trade became, first, the main focus of Western economic penetration in East Asia and, then, the raison d'être for a set of institutional relationships, known as the treaty port system, which was eventually extended to most of China's maritime neighbors. As one of those neighbors, Japan became part of it." @default.
- W2499291320 created "2016-08-23" @default.
- W2499291320 creator A5061944622 @default.
- W2499291320 date "1989-07-28" @default.
- W2499291320 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2499291320 title "The foreign threat and the opening of the ports" @default.
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- W2499291320 doi "https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521223560.006" @default.
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