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- W2499302425 abstract "Red cell immunohaematology is the study of the interactions between blood group antigens and their corresponding antibodies both in vivo and in vitro and of the presence or absence of clinical consequences following those interactions. Blood groups are polymorphic determinants on proteins and carbohydrates expressed on the surface of red cells and detected by antibodies. There are over 300 red cell surface antigens, most of which belong to one of 35 blood group systems, each system representing either a single gene or two or three very closely linked homologous genes. Blood group phenotypes are generally determined by serological methods involving agglutination of red cells by human iso or alloantibodies or by monoclonal antibodies. The presence of antiglobulin reagents or chemical modification of the membrane may be required to effect agglutination. Blood group phenotypes may also be predicted, with a high level of accuracy, by DNA analysis. Many, but not all, red cell antibodies are of clinical importance in transfusion and transplantation. They may cause haemolytic transfusion reactions, haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, or hyperacute allograft rejection. ABO, the original blood group system, is the most important system clinically, as most people have ‘naturally occurring’ antibodies to ABO antigens. ABO incompatible transfusions often result in severe, acute haemolytic reactions, which may be fatal. RhD is the most immunogenic red cell antigen and, despite Rh immunoprophylaxis, anti-D is the most common cause of severe HDFN. After ABO antibodies, anti-D is the most frequent cause of serious haemolytic transfusion reactions." @default.
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- W2499302425 date "2015-11-06" @default.
- W2499302425 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2499302425 title "Red Cell Immunohaematology" @default.
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- W2499302425 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118853771.ch12" @default.
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