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- W2500207986 abstract "For years, emphasis on the pathophysiology and management of atherosclerosis had focused on the deposition of cholesterol in the subintimal ground space of the large arteries. Treatment of elevated LDL levels, hypertension, diabetes and smoking had led to a reduction in strokes and heart attacks from the 1960s through the mid-1990s. However, since the mid-1990s the incidence of stroke has been on the rise in the USA. This trend is believed to be due in part to the aging of the population and suboptimal management of the major stroke risk factors. However, data are now emerging that demonstrate that atherosclerosis is not just a cholesterol disease but is more accurately characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease. In addition to the aggressive modification of the major conventional risk factors, further understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that are dependent upon the inflammatory and immune pathways in atherosclerosis is necessary to make advances in the reduction of atherothrombotic stroke. Attention is now focused on the inflammatory factors that lead to the development of ‘unstable’ or ‘vulnerable’ plaque, which is believed to be linked to acute coronary syndromes and thrombo-embolic stroke. This chapter will review the current understanding of the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, examine the role of putative inflammatory factors such as infection and elevated homocysteine levels in the initiation, progression and activation of atherosclerotic disease, briefly discuss the contribution of the conventional risk factors to the inflammatory state, identify novel biological markers such as C-reactive protein and soluble interleukin (IL)-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) which may indicate increased stroke risk, and discuss therapeutic strategies that are directed at reducing the inflammatory characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque." @default.
- W2500207986 created "2016-08-23" @default.
- W2500207986 creator A5083355766 @default.
- W2500207986 date "2002-04-26" @default.
- W2500207986 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2500207986 title "Inflammation, Infection, and Homocysteine in Atherosclerosis" @default.
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- W2500207986 doi "https://doi.org/10.1201/noe1842141151.ch5" @default.
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