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• W250075308 abstract "ABSTRACT This case study describes a user-centered design approach in the area of aphasia. Aphasia is a language impairment that can take many forms, so a particular case provides the foundation for this work. The particularities of the individual with this condition and his social context are key to developing and designing an intervention that supports language use and fosters interaction. This article takes the reader through a research process that results in the production of a board game. This project began with the identification of aphasia as an area with needs, to which visual communication design could make a positive contribution. I recognized the language impairment suffered by people with Broca 's aphasia and the consequent lack of interaction with others as important problems, and proposed game-playing and the design of a board game (that involves written and spoken words) to increase opportunities for people with Broca 's aphasia to interact with the family and with language. Given the variety among aphasia cases, the project focused on one specific case: an intellectual in his seventies who suffers from Broca's aphasia that in this article will be identified as AM. The main objective of the game was to increase AM's opportunities to interact with family members. The game Questions & Answers was created considering AM's abilities and disabilities so that he could be a successful player, and AM's interests so that he would be motivated to play. The project uses a user-centered design approach, which is critical when working with specific needs and with a disorder like aphasia that varies from case to case. Two game prototypes were designed to assess size, format, color, typeface selection and other design decisions before the final design. Interviews were held with leading experts in aphasia and in design. Overall, responses by the experts supported the effectiveness of the design strategy. A conversation with the intended user, and his interaction with the prototypes, showed that a board game could increase his opportunities to interact with his family and with language. As a result of the evaluation, a set of guidelines and a series of recommendations were developed. WHAT IS APHASIA? Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by brain damage that effects speech, writing, reading and auditory comprehension to some extent. A person cannot be born with aphasia, it is necessary to have some language in order to acquire the disorder. Most aphasia cases are caused by stroke. In less than one second the language system is partially or completely damaged. Aphasia can have a devastating effect on the individual's life and his/her entire family. A feature of aphasia is its variety, and the nature of the impairments depends on the location and size of the lesion. Some people can pronounce only a few words, others mistake words, others cannot speak at all; some cannot read, others can read nouns better than verbs; some cannot write, others can write names; some cannot understand what the other person is saying. As indicated in the introduction, given the variety among aphasia cases, the project focused on one specific case: AM is an intellectual who suffers from Broca's aphasia. People with this kind of aphasia have their speech reduced to a few words that are pronounced with effort. Basically they cannot verbally construct a complete sentence, they can respond with one or two words, mainly nouns. Writing is normally as impaired as speech. Auditory comprehension and reading are usually intact. This aphasia may be accompanied by paralysis or weakness of the right arm and leg. Although two people can have the same kind of aphasia, the two cases can be very different. AM was a lawyer and a historian in his seventies when he suffered a stroke. His main activities were to interact socially, to work as a consultant and to read. After the stroke, AM's speech was cut off, his writing abilities were erased, his social life was gone, his professional life finished and he was full of sadness. …" @default.
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• W250075308 date "2008-05-01" @default.
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• W250075308 title "Language Impairment, Family Interaction and the Design of a Game" @default.
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