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• W2505841351 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 12First Report of Downy Mildew on Opium Poppy Caused by Peronospora meconopsidis in India PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Downy Mildew on Opium Poppy Caused by Peronospora meconopsidis in IndiaS. Gupta, A. Khan, and O. P. DhawanS. GuptaSearch for more papers by this author, A. KhanSearch for more papers by this author, and O. P. DhawanSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations S. Gupta A. Khan O. P. Dhawan , Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India-226015. Published Online:13 Sep 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-16-0436-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is cultivated for its pharmaceutically important alkaloids and seeds for culinary purposes. During mid to late January 2015 (mean temperature ∼15°C), typical downy mildew symptoms were observed on 2-month-old plants at CSIR-CIMAP research farm, Lucknow (26.84° N, 80.94° E), India. These symptoms were chlorotic, irregular leaf lesions seen just after a spell of high relative humidity, which expanded in size as the plant matured and coalesced, subsequently forming large brown colored necrotic areas on leaves. The disease severity was observed to be 25% with the infection spreading upwards from lower leaves and infecting the flower and capsule at plant maturity. At the time of harvesting, 100% of plants were found to be infected. A dense felt of sporangia were observed on the abaxial leaf surface, which were scraped for microscopic examination. The sporangiophores were hyaline with a straight basal trunk and an upper portion dichotomously branched three to five times. The branches were curved, 80 to 260 µm long (avg. 168.18; SD ± 77.54 µm) × 2.5 to 8.5 µm wide (avg. 5.33; SD ± 2.47 µm) that terminated into slightly curved fork-shaped equal/unequal branchlets (3.7 to 18.0 µm; avg. 10.48; SD ± 4.9 µm) (n = 30). Sporangia were pale/light brown, subglobose to ellipsoidal, 22.0 to 35.0 µm (avg. 27.12; SD ± 3.89 µm) long × 18.0 to 20.0 µm (avg. 19.01; SD ± 2.61 µm) wide with 0.36 to 1.96 µm (avg. 1.12; SD ± 0.65 µm) thick wall (n = 30). A slightly paler colored point at the basal portion of the sporangia represented the point of attachment to the sporangiophore. Oogonia were reddish brown, subglobose to irregular, 40 to 45 µm diam. (avg. 42.5; SD ± 2.56 µm), with 1 to 1.5 µm (avg. 1.25; SD ± 2.25 µm) thick wall (n = 30). Oospores were globose (20 to 30 µm; avg. 23.12; SD ± 3.61 µm), present singly inside the oogonium, and aplerotic (n = 30). The molecular characterization was done by sequencing the ITS regions of nuclear rDNA gene (with DC6 and ITS4 primers [Cooke et al. 2000]) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II genes (Hudspeth et al. 2000; Robideau et al. 2011) on three different isolates from field. Homology search showed ITS fragment similar to accession KJ651419.2 of Peronospora meconopsidis (99%; score 1,493 bits). BLAST analyses revealed 100% sequence identities with P. meconopsidis isolate HV2010 accessions KJ651307.1 (for coxI) and KJ651370.1 (for coxII). The generated sequences of rDNA (1,193 bp), coxI (617 bp), and coxII (580 bp) were deposited in GenBank (KU948930, KU948931, and KU948932, respectively). Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating healthy and control plants as earlier described (Dubey et al. 2009). Identical fungus was identified 2 weeks post inoculation from inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Control plants treated with sterile water did not show any disease symptom. Downy mildew is known to cause significant losses to the plant (Dubey et al. 2009). P. meconopsidis on opium poppy has been reported from Australia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Afganistan, and Pakistan by coxI and coxII sequence analyses (Voglmayr et al. 2014). Earlier DM incidents in the research farm was superficially assigned to P. arborescens but our study revealed the pathogen to be P. meconopsidis. Additionally, no other downy mildew pathogen infecting opium poppy such as P. somniferi was found in our study. To our knowledge this is the first report of downy mildew pathogen, P. meconopsidis on opium poppy from India.References:Cooke, D. E. L., et al. 2000. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30:17. https://doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.2000.1202 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDubey, M. K., et al. 2009. Euphytica 165:177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-008-9804-4 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHudspeth, D. S. S., et al. 2000. Mycologia 92:674. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761425 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarRobideau, G. P., et al. 2011. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 11:1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03041.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarVoglmayr, H., et al. 2014. PLoS One 9:e96838. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096838 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 100, No. 12 December 2016SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 3 Nov 2016Published: 13 Sep 2016First Look: 10 Aug 2016Accepted: 9 Jul 2016 Pages: 2525-2525 Information© 2016 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byMolecular insights into enhanced resistance of Papaver somniferum against downy mildew by application of endophyte bacteria Microbacterium sp . SMR15 September 2021 | Physiologia Plantarum, Vol. 173, No. 4Short communication: Local infection of opium poppy leaves by Peronospora somniferi sporangia can give rise to systemic infections and seed infection in resistant cultivars10 July 2017 | Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 15, No. 3" @default.
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