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• W250782447 abstract "O sir, we should have fine times, indeed, if, to punish tyrants, it were only sufficient to assemble people! Your arms, wherewith you could defend yourselves, are gone. . . . Did y ou ever read of any revolution in a nation . . . inflicted by those who had no power at all?1 I. INTRODUCTION What restrictions on rights protected by second Amendment are constitutionally permissible within Amendment's requirement that the of people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed?2 In particular, what does Amendment's Militia Clause3 say about what types of weapons deserve Amendment's protection? Does its reference to necessity of a well-regulated militia indicate that military weapons suitable for militia service deserve special protection of Amendment? Can an avowed originalist allow policy considerations to temper revolutionary nature of Amendment in order to make it more palatable?4 A. Individual Versus Collective Right In recent years, through work of several noted constitutional scholars, conclusion that Amendment's Framers intended to protect an individual to possess and carry firearms, as opposed to an amorphous right to arm state militias or National Guard, has been widely accepted by legal academics of all stripes.5 Although courts have been slow to adopt this interpretation, it seems inevitable that they will. The Department of Justice has promulgated a memorandum endorsing individual-rights interpretation, sometimes called standard model,6 and Fifth Circuit is first federal appellate court to have adopted it.7 Even Congress has enacted statutory language that acknowledges individual to keep and bear arms.8 Several other circuits have rejected this plain-language interpretation in favor of one that reads Amendment as guaranteeing a collective or states' right, relying largely on a probable misreading of Militia Clause of Amendment, or on erroneous extension of prior decisions. Under this reading, Militia Clause would indicate that unlike balance of first eight amendments to Constitution, all of which protect individual rights from governmental encroachment, second Amendment protects only rights of states to arm their militias.9 The purpose of this Note is not to detail reasons why this position is untenable. They have been amply explored elsewhere.10 It seems all but inevitable that rest of courts will be forced to concede this point, if not by force of reason, then by an eventual U.S. Supreme Court opinion on matter.11 B. Qualified Individual Right Some of previous champions of states' interpretation now concede that Amendment protects a of individuals; however, they claim that Militia Clause demonstrates that this individual was meant to be exercised only within context of membership in an organized militia.12 This attempt to revive defeated collective-rights interpretation under a different guise seems doomed to fail, for reasons that have also been well documented elsewhere.13 Essentially, members of militia whose rights Amendment was ratified to preserve were expected to arm themselves in anticipation of militia service, whether or not they ever served actively in militia.14 Thus of individuals to possess weapons suitable for militia service was that Amendment was primarily intended to safeguard. Militia service was important enough among priorities of Framers of Second Amendment to warrant mention in qualifying Militia Clause, and this service was understood to include a military check against enemies of freedom both foreign and domestic.15 Still, readiness for service in militia that Amendment was designed to protect was based on a to individual ownership of arms.16 C. Scope of This Note There are many great books and articles that survey a substantially similar sampling of Supreme Court dicta, legislative history, and contemporary statements from period of framing. …" @default.
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• W250782447 date "2006-04-01" @default.
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• W250782447 title "Do Federal Firearms Laws Violate the Second Amendment by Disarming the Militia" @default.
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