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- W2507831224 abstract "Nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) is a quasistationary state, in which exist currents that continuously produce entropy, but the local observables are stationary everywhere. We propose a theory of NESS under the framework of quantum chaos. In an isolated quantum system, there exist some initial states for which the thermodynamic limit and the long-time limit are noncommutative. The density matrix $hat rho$ of these states displays a universal structure. Suppose that $alpha$ and $beta$ are different eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with energies $E_alpha$ and $E_beta$, respectively. $<alpha|hat rho|beta>$ behaves as a random number which approximately follows the Laplace distribution with zero mean. In thermodynamic limit, the variance of $<alpha|hat rho|beta>$ is a smooth function of $left|E_alpha-E_betaright|$, scaling as $1/(E_alpha-E_beta)^2$ in the limit $left|E_alpha-E_betaright|to 0$. If and only if this scaling law is obeyed, the initial state evolves into NESS in the long time limit. We present numerical evidence of our hypothesis in a few chaotic models. Furthermore, we find that our hypothesis implies the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in a bipartite system." @default.
- W2507831224 created "2016-09-16" @default.
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- W2507831224 date "2017-09-25" @default.
- W2507831224 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2507831224 title "A theory of nonequilibrium steady states in quantum chaotic systems" @default.
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- W2507831224 doi "https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aa85c0" @default.
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