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• W2510104036 abstract "To form a coherent percept of our multisensory environment the brain needs to integrate signals caused by a common source (e.g., an event) but segregate those from different sources; natural multisensory perception thus relies inherently on inferring the world's causal structure. Human observers are known to metacognitively monitor the uncertainty of their perceptual estimates in simple sensory tasks, but it is unclear whether they can monitor their uncertainties about their integrated percept, the individual sensory signals, and the causal structure of complex multisensory environments. Causal metacognition highlights fundamental links between perception and other cognitive domains such as social and abstract reasoning and may be critical for our understanding of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia. Metacognition – the ability to monitor one's own decisions and representations, their accuracy and uncertainty – is considered a hallmark of intelligent behavior. Little is known about metacognition in our natural multisensory environment. To form a coherent percept, the brain should integrate signals from a common cause but segregate those from independent causes. Multisensory perception thus relies on inferring the world's causal structure, raising new challenges for metacognition. We discuss the extent to which observers can monitor their uncertainties not only about their final integrated percept but also about the individual sensory signals and the world's causal structure. The latter causal metacognition highlights fundamental links between perception and other cognitive domains such as social and abstract reasoning. Metacognition – the ability to monitor one's own decisions and representations, their accuracy and uncertainty – is considered a hallmark of intelligent behavior. Little is known about metacognition in our natural multisensory environment. To form a coherent percept, the brain should integrate signals from a common cause but segregate those from independent causes. Multisensory perception thus relies on inferring the world's causal structure, raising new challenges for metacognition. We discuss the extent to which observers can monitor their uncertainties not only about their final integrated percept but also about the individual sensory signals and the world's causal structure. The latter causal metacognition highlights fundamental links between perception and other cognitive domains such as social and abstract reasoning. a normative Bayesian model that describes how an observer should arbitrate between information integration and segregation to compute an estimate of an environmental property. Bayesian Causal Inference [17Shams L. Beierholm U.R. Causal inference in perception.Trends Cogn. Sci. 2010; 14: 425-432Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (224) Google Scholar, 18Kording K.P. et al.Causal inference in multisensory perception.PLoS One. 2007; 2: e943Crossref PubMed Scopus (627) Google Scholar, 19Rohe T. Noppeney U. Cortical hierarchies perform Bayesian Causal Inference in multisensory perception.PLoS Biol. 2015; 13: e1002073Crossref PubMed Scopus (178) Google Scholar, 52Rohe T. Noppeney U. Sensory reliability shapes perceptual inference via two mechanisms.J. Vis. 2015; 15: 22Crossref PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar, 66Wozny D.R. et al.Probability matching as a computational strategy used in perception.PLoS Comput. Biol. 2010; 6: e1000871Crossref PubMed Scopus (148) Google Scholar] explicitly models the potential causal structures (i.e., common or independent sources) that could have generated the two signals. monitoring one's own uncertainty about the causal structure underlying certain signals (e.g., sensory signals). identical causal structures inferred from signals generated by physically different causal structures. methods to assess an observer's metacognitive insights or awareness. For instance, observers may rate their confidence about the correctness of their decision on a numerical scale. In post-decision wagering, they are asked to bet on the correctness of their reported choices. As a result, observers should place higher wagers when they are more confident about the correctness of their decision to maximize their gains. In no-loss gambling, observers need to choose whether they are given a reward depending on the correctness of their perceptual choice or depending on a lottery with prespecified probabilities. Both post-decision wagering and no-loss gambling provide observers with an incentive to reveal their decisional confidence and subjective probabilities truthfully. However, post-decision wagering may be sensitive to additional biases such as risk aversiveness. the observer uses different sorts of correspondences, such as spatial collocation [50Bertelson P. Radeau M. Cross-modal bias and perceptual fusion with auditory–visual spatial discordance.Percept. Psychophys. 1981; 29: 578-584Crossref PubMed Scopus (289) Google Scholar, 51Wallace M.T. et al.Unifying multisensory signals across time and space.Exp. Brain Res. 2004; 158: 252-258Crossref PubMed Scopus (221) Google Scholar, 52Rohe T. Noppeney U. Sensory reliability shapes perceptual inference via two mechanisms.J. Vis. 2015; 15: 22Crossref PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar, 58Rohe T. Noppeney U. Distinct computational principles govern multisensory integration in primary sensory and association cortices.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: 509-514Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (86) Google Scholar, 59Spence C. Just how important is spatial coincidence to multisensory integration? Evaluating the spatial rule.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2013; 1296: 31-49Crossref PubMed Scopus (125) Google Scholar], temporal coincidence [56Bonath B. et al.Audio-visual synchrony modulates the ventriloquist illusion and its neural/spatial representation in the auditory cortex.Neuroimage. 2014; 98: 425-434Crossref PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar, 57Lee H. Noppeney U. Temporal prediction errors in visual and auditory cortices.Curr. Biol. 2014; 24 (24): R309-R310Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (55) Google Scholar, 60Vatakis A. Spence C. Audiovisual temporal integration for complex speech, object–action, animal call, and musical stimuli.In Multisensory Object Perception in the Primate Brain. Springer, 2010: 95-121Crossref Scopus (37) Google Scholar] and correlations [61Parise C.V. et al.When correlation implies causation in multisensory integration.Curr. Biol. 2012; 22: 46-49Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (141) Google Scholar, 62Lee H. Noppeney U. Long-term music training tunes how the brain temporally binds signals from multiple senses.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011; 108: E1441-E1450Crossref PubMed Scopus (118) Google Scholar], or semantic or phonological congruency [63Hein G. et al.Object familiarity and semantic congruency modulate responses in cortical audiovisual integration areas.J. Neurosci. 2007; 27: 7881-7887Crossref PubMed Scopus (167) Google Scholar, 64Laurienti P.J. et al.Semantic congruence is a critical factor in multisensory behavioral performance.Exp. Brain Res. 2004; 158: 405-414Crossref PubMed Scopus (206) Google Scholar, 65Adam R. Noppeney U. Prior auditory information shapes visual category-selectivity in ventral occipito-temporal cortex.Neuroimage. 2010; 52: 1592-1602Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar], to determine which signals are likely to come from a common source and should be bound during perception. an audiovisual illusion [71Nahorna O. et al.Binding and unbinding the auditory and visual streams in the McGurk effect.J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2012; 132: 1061-1077Crossref PubMed Scopus (54) Google Scholar, 79McGurk H. Macdonald J. Hearing lips and seeing voices.Nature. 1976; 264: 691-811Crossref Scopus (4114) Google Scholar, 81Soto-Faraco S. Alsius A. Deconstructing the McGurk–MacDonald illusion.J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 2009; 35: 580-587Crossref PubMed Scopus (86) Google Scholar] where observers perceive, for instance, the phoneme [da] when presented with a video of a face articulating <<ga>> and a voice uttering /ba/. The McGurk illusion is a prime example of a perceptual metamer; that is, the conflicting signals are perceived as identical to a face and voice articulating [da]. cognitive processes about other cognitive processes or beliefs about one's own beliefs [1Flavell J.H. Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: a new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry.Am. Psychol. 1979; 34: 906-911Crossref Scopus (4781) Google Scholar, 2Fleming S.M. et al.Metacognition: computation, biology and function.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 2012; 367: 1280-1286Crossref PubMed Scopus (155) Google Scholar, 3Yeung N. Summerfield C. Metacognition in human decision-making: confidence and error monitoring.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 2012; 367: 1310-1321Crossref PubMed Scopus (320) Google Scholar, 24Smith J.D. et al.The highs and lows of theoretical interpretation in animal-metacognition research.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2012; 367: 1297-1309Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar]. identical perceptual (e.g., spatial, phoneme) estimates formed from physically different signals. the subjective feeling that one initiates and controls one's own actions [72Haggard P. Conscious intention and motor cognition.Trends Cogn. Sci. 2005; 9: 290-295Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (458) Google Scholar, 73Wolpe N. et al.Cue integration and the perception of action in intentional binding.Exp. Brain Res. 2013; 229: 467-474Crossref PubMed Scopus (77) Google Scholar, 83Haggard P. et al.Voluntary action and conscious awareness.Nat. Neurosci. 2002; 5: 382-385Crossref PubMed Scopus (1010) Google Scholar]. the inverse of sensory variance (or uncertainty). Reliability decreases with the noise of a sensory signal. a multisensory perceptual illusion induced by presenting two signals from different sensory modalities in synchrony but at different spatial locations. In classical audiovisual cases, the perceived location of a sound is shifted towards the actual location of the visual signal and vice versa [18Kording K.P. et al.Causal inference in multisensory perception.PLoS One. 2007; 2: e943Crossref PubMed Scopus (627) Google Scholar, 50Bertelson P. Radeau M. Cross-modal bias and perceptual fusion with auditory–visual spatial discordance.Percept. Psychophys. 1981; 29: 578-584Crossref PubMed Scopus (289) Google Scholar, 51Wallace M.T. et al.Unifying multisensory signals across time and space.Exp. Brain Res. 2004; 158: 252-258Crossref PubMed Scopus (221) Google Scholar, 52Rohe T. Noppeney U. Sensory reliability shapes perceptual inference via two mechanisms.J. Vis. 2015; 15: 22Crossref PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar]." @default.
• W2510104036 created "2016-09-16" @default.
• W2510104036 creator A5023183404 @default.
• W2510104036 creator A5035021472 @default.
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• W2510104036 date "2016-10-01" @default.
• W2510104036 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2510104036 title "Metacognition in Multisensory Perception" @default.
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