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• W2510142106 abstract "ALL democratic states recognise the principle that political parties, whatever their policies, should enjoy equality of opportunity in the political process. Another principle is also acknowledged: that democratic governments have the right to prevent individuals whose aim is to destroy democracy and civil rights from entering the civil service or to dismiss them if they are already serving in such a capacity. It is equally valid that, as a rule, civil servants should enjoy the same fundamental rights as ordinary citizens. These principles, however, can clash if the individual belongs to an extreme left-wing or right-wing political party or supports radical policies, and either is a civil servant or seeks employment in the civil service. The conflict between these principles camel to the fore through a decision of the German Federal Disciplinary Court2 a tribunal dealing with disciplinary matters concerning civil servants which confirmed the dismissal of a train driver because of his membership of, and his activities on behalf of, the German Communist Party (D.K.P.), for which he had stood several times (unsuccessfully) in elections and in which he had held party positions. In a further case, the Federal Administrative Court,3 as, inter alia, the court of appeal against decisions of the Federal Disciplinary Court, upheld the dismissal of a postman for similar reasons. In both cases the on-thejob conduct of the dismissed civil servants was impeccable. Having determined after lengthy discussion that the aims and programme of the (Moscow-orientated) Communist Party were hostile to the Constitution (verfassungsfeindlich), the courts considered that their activities on its behalf were a violation of their duty to show political loyalty to the state and its constitution. The duty to show loyalty was considered a constitutional principle enjoying priority over fundamental rights. For historical reasons a high proportion of those working in the public sector are categorised as Beamte, a term which comprises not 1 Cf. for an earlier account K. Dyson, Anticommunism in the Federal Republic of Germany: The case of Berufsverbot (197F75) 28 Parliamentary Affairs S1-67; R. Dobbelstein and C. Gellert, Shades of a new McCarthyism in West Germany? A Political and Legal Analysis of the Campaign against Radicals in the West German Civil Service [19771 Revue de Droit Interrlational de Sciences Diplomatiques et Politques 6F76, 8 1-1 1 3 2 Bundesdisziplinargericht (1980) 27 Recht im Amt lS8-160, 178-180. 3 Bundesverwaltungsgericht, decision of October 29, 1981-I D S0/80; [1982l Neue Juristische Wochenschrift 779." @default.
• W2510142106 created "2016-09-16" @default.
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• W2510142106 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W2510142106 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2510142106 title "MlLITANT DEMOCRACY AND RADICALS IN THE WEST GERMAN CIVIL SERVICE It is liberty alone which fits men for liberty." @default.
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