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• W2510733431 endingPage "e1005832" @default.
• W2510733431 startingPage "e1005832" @default.
• W2510733431 abstract "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection elicits a very strong and sustained intravascular T cell immune response which may contribute towards development of accelerated immune senescence and vascular disease in older people. Virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses have been investigated extensively through the use of HLA-peptide tetramers but much less is known regarding CMV-specific CD4+ T cells. We used a range of HLA class II-peptide tetramers to investigate the phenotypic and transcriptional profile of CMV-specific CD4+ T cells within healthy donors. We show that such cells comprise an average of 0.45% of the CD4+ T cell pool and can reach up to 24% in some individuals (range 0.01–24%). CMV-specific CD4+ T cells display a highly differentiated effector memory phenotype and express a range of cytokines, dominated by dual TNF-α and IFN-γ expression, although substantial populations which express IL-4 were seen in some donors. Microarray analysis and phenotypic expression revealed a profile of unique features. These include the expression of CX3CR1, which would direct cells towards fractalkine on activated endothelium, and the β2-adrenergic receptor, which could permit rapid response to stress. CMV-specific CD4+ T cells display an intense cytotoxic profile with high level expression of granzyme B and perforin, a pattern which increases further during aging. In addition CMV-specific CD4+ T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxic activity against antigen-loaded target cells when isolated directly ex vivo. PD-1 expression is present on 47% of cells but both the intensity and distribution of the inhibitory receptor is reduced in older people. These findings reveal the marked accumulation and unique phenotype of CMV-specific CD4+ T cells and indicate how such T cells may contribute to the vascular complications associated with CMV in older people." @default.
• W2510733431 created "2016-09-16" @default.
• W2510733431 creator A5010919483 @default.
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• W2510733431 date "2016-09-08" @default.
• W2510733431 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2510733431 title "Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Development of High Frequencies of Cytotoxic Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells Targeted to Vascular Endothelium" @default.
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• W2510733431 doi "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005832" @default.
• W2510733431 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5015996" @default.
• W2510733431 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27606804" @default.
• W2510733431 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
• W2510733431 type Work @default.

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