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• W2512814278 endingPage "93" @default.
• W2512814278 startingPage "67" @default.
• W2512814278 abstract "When the North African historian Ibn Khaldūn (d. 1406) reflected on the development of logic, he distinguished – along with a number of other fourteenth-century observers – between “the early” and “the later” logicians (Rosenthal 1958, III, 143). The former included those who took their point of departure from the classical Organon, such as the philosophers al-Fārābī (d. 950), Avicenna (d. 1037) and Averroes (d. 1198). The first of “the later logicians”, according to Ibn Khaldūn, were the Persians Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210) and Afḍal al-Dīn al-Khūnajī (d. 1248). These disregarded the Categories entirely and gave short shrift to the “matter” of the syllogism: demonstration, dialectic, sophistical fallacies, rhetoric, and poetics. Instead, they focused almost exclusively on the five predicables, definition and description, propositions and their immediate implications (such as conversion, contraposition) and the formal syllogism. By Ibn Khaldūn's time, “the later logicians” had carried the day. “Logic” (manṭiq) had ceased to be a discipline in which one comments upon or paraphrases or summarizes the books of the Organon; it had become rather a field dealing with the acquisition of concepts (taṣawwurāt) through definition or description and the acquisition of assents (taṣdīqāt) through syllogism. Ibn Khaldūn himself lamented this development, but the resulting narrower view of the scope of manṭiq made it much closer to the contemporary understanding of “logic” than the earlier Peripatetic conception of it as a discipline that covers all the books of the Organon." @default.
• W2512814278 created "2016-09-16" @default.
• W2512814278 creator A5025264865 @default.
• W2512814278 creator A5026914322 @default.
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• W2512814278 date "2016-09-22" @default.
• W2512814278 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
• W2512814278 title "Arabic Logic after Avicenna" @default.
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